不同铵硝配比肥对水稻秧苗素质及土壤养分变化的影响

Effect of fertilizer with different ammonia-nitrate ratio on rice seedling quality and soil nutrient

【目的】研究不同铵硝配比肥对水稻秧苗素质及土壤养分变化的影响。【方法】通过2年水稻育秧试验,以硝硫基肥替代水稻育秧肥料中的硫酸铵,设置4个处理:CK(100%育秧绿)、NS1(70%育秧绿+30%硝硫基肥)、NS2(50%育秧绿+50%硝硫基肥)和NS3(100%硝硫基肥),探究不同铵硝配比对水稻秧苗素质及土壤养分的影响。【结果】与CK处理相比,硝硫基肥替代硫酸铵(NS1、NS2和NS3)处理不会影响水稻秧苗成苗率,是一种适合水稻育秧的肥料。与CK处理相比,NS1和NS2处理通过改变育秧肥中的铵硝配比,可显著提高水稻秧苗素质(叶龄、茎基宽、株高、叶长和生物量)。与CK处理相比,NS3处理秧苗素质(叶龄、茎基宽、株高、叶长和生物量)无显著差异,但水稻育秧后期(28~35 d)显著降低秧苗叶绿素(SPAD值)含量。与CK处理相比,硝硫基肥替代硫酸铵(NS1、NS2和NS3)处理会显著降低土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量,增加NO_(3)^(-)-N含量;随着肥料中硝态氮含量增加,土壤全氮含量逐渐降低。【结论】将水稻育秧肥料中的硫酸铵部分替代为硝硫基肥,可以通过优化肥料中的铵硝配比促进秧苗生长,但将硫酸铵全部替代为硝硫基肥,会增加氮肥损失风险。

【Objective】The study aimed to analyze the effect of fertilizer with different ammonia-nitrate ratio on rice seedling quality and soil nutrient insufficient fertilizer supply in the late period of traditional seedling fertilizer.【Method】In the study,a 2-year rice seedling experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ammonia-nitrate ratio on rice seedling quality and soil nutrient change,through replacing ammonium sulfate of rice seedling fertilizer by nitrate sulfur fertilizer.Four treatments were carried out in the study,including CK(100%conventional rice seedling fertilizer),NS1(70%rice seedling fertilizer+30%nitrate sulfur fertilizer),NS2(50%rice seedling fertilizer+50%nitrate sulfur fertilizer)and NS3(100%nitrate sulfur fertilizer).【Result】Compared with CK treatment,there was no significant difference for rice seedling growth ratio from treatments of nitrate sulfur fertilizer replaced ammonium sulfate,which illustrated that it was a suitable fertilizer for rice seedling.Compared with CK,NS1 and NS2 treatments significantly improved seedling quality(leaf age,stem base width,plant height,leaf length and biomass)through change of ammonia-nitrate ratio from rice seedling fertilizer.Compared with CK treatment,NS3 treatment had no significant difference in rice seedling quality(leaf age,stem base width,plant height,leaf length and biomass).At the late stage of rice seedling(28-35 days),NS3 treatment significantly reduced the chlorophyll(SPAD)content of rice seedlings.Compared with CK treatments,the nitrate sulfur fertilizer replaced ammonium sulfate(NS1,NS2 and NS3)could significantly decrease the content of NH_(4)^(+)-N and increase the content of NO_(3)^(-)-N.With the increase of nitrate sulfur fertilizer replaced ammonium sulfate ratio,soil total nitrogen content also decreased gradually.【Conclusion】Nitrate sulfur fertilizer partly replaced ammonium sulfate can promote seedling growth by optimizing ratio of ammonia and nitrate,but total replacement of nitrate sulfur fertilizer will increase the risk of nitrogen loss.