大明三年王畿的设立与刘宋国家政治的结构性转向

The Establishment of the Royal Domain in the Third Year of Daming and the Structural Turn of National Politics of the Liu Song Dynasty

刘宋大明三年设立王畿,涉及国家政治空间结构的调整。先秦畿服制度与江左王畿观念为刘宋设置制度化王畿提供政治文化基础。王畿的结构性功能为“内奉京师”与“外表众夏”,其内在逻辑为宋廷给予吴地优崇政治地位,以图深度汲取吴地经济资源。元嘉以降江北边镇经济、政治地位的衰退是王畿设立的重要原因,而设立王畿又意味着吴地以外地区地位的进一步下降,直接导致广陵刘诞之叛。大明八年罢废王畿的表面原因是东诸郡大旱,根本原因是吴地灾害频发,王畿在经济上无法闭合,宋廷为求取其他地区资源供给,无法长期保持优崇吴地的王畿称号。刘宋王畿虽存续时间短暂,却是南朝地缘政治长期困局的缩影。

Liu Song Dynasty established the Royal Domain in the third year of the Daming,which involved the structural adjustment of the regimes political space.The Jifu system of the pre-Qin era and the concept of the Royal Domain of Jiangzuo provided political and cultural foundation for the Liu Song Dynasty to set up an institutionalized Royal Domain.The structural function of the Royal Domain were“serving the capital internally”and“setting an example externally”,the core of which lay in the fact that Liu Song Dynasty gave Wu region superior political status in exchange for economic resources.The establishment of the Royal Domain,because of the decline of economic and political status of border towns in the north of the Yangtze River after Emperor Yuanjia,meant a further decline in the status of areas outside the Wu region and led to Liu Dans rebellion in Guangling.The abolition of the Royal Domain in the eighth year of Daming,seemingly resulting from the great drought in the eastern counties,can be attributed to frequent disasters in the Wu region which made the Royal Domain unsustainable economically.To obtain supply from other regions,Liu Song Dynasty had to abolish the short-lived Royal Domain,which reflected the dilemma of geopolitics during the Southern Dynasties.