井漏地层钻井液堵漏材料研究现状与展望

Current Status and Prospects of Drilling Fluid Plugging Materials for Lost Circulation Formations

井漏是制约油气钻井工程质量和效率提高的主要技术问题。提高一次性堵漏成功率是保障全球油田“安全、高效、经济”钻井的迫切需求。总结了钻井液漏失机理,介绍了架桥、高失水、固化、聚合物凝胶类、智能材料等各类堵漏材料的性质和相互作用机理,明确了各堵漏材料存在的问题。桥接堵漏材料价格低廉、操作简单、来源广泛、对钻井液流变性的影响小,但其粒径与地层漏失通道匹配性差,配方复杂。高失水类堵漏材料使用简单、见效快、封堵成功率高,但其组成复杂、失水速率难控制、不易解堵。可固化类堵漏材料拥有高的承压封堵能力,价格便宜,配制和操作工艺简单,但施工安全风险高。聚合物凝胶类堵漏材料对漏失通道的自适应性强、有良好的黏滞阻力和抗剪切稀释能力。然而,其抗高温能力较低、长期封堵性较差、与钻井液配伍性差、成胶时间不易控制。智能类堵漏材料可智能适应各种复杂地层、针对性强、对地层伤害性小,但其堵漏机理需进一步完善,材料的适应性需进一步提高。提出了堵漏材料未来发展的方向,如研发智能型堵漏材料和深井与超深井高温井钻井液堵漏材料。

Lost circulation is the main technical problem that restricts the improvement of quality and efficiency of oil and gas drilling engineering.Improving the success rate of one-time plugging is an urgent need to ensure"safe,efficient,and economical"drilling in global oilfields.This paper summarized the leakage mechanism of drilling fluid,introduced the properties and interaction mechanism of various plugging materials such as bridging,high water loss,curing,polymer gel and smart materials,and then clarified the problems existing in current plugging materials.The bridging and plugging material was inexpensive,easy to operate,widely sourced,and had little impact on the rheological properties of drilling fluid.However,its particle size had poor compatibility with the leakage channel of formation.Furthermore,its formula was complex.High water loss plugging material was easy to use,effective,and had a high success rate in plugging.But it had some deficiencies.For example,the composition was complex,the water loss rate was difficult to control,and the blockage was not easy to remove.Curable plugging material was inexpensive,had high pressure sealing ability,and simple preparation and operation processes.However,its construction safety risks were high.Polymer gel plugging material had strong adaptability to leakage channels,good viscous resistance and anti-shearing dilution ability.However,its high-temperature resistance was low,long-term sealing performance and compatibility with drilling fluid were poor.Furthermore,the gelation time was difficult to control.Intelligent plugging material could intelligently adapt to various complex formations.It had strong pertinence and little damage to the formation.However,its plugging mechanism and adaptability needed to be further improved.The future development direction of plugging materials was proposed,such as the development of intelligent plugging materials and drilling fluid plugging materials for high-temperature well in deep and ultra deep wells.