公众对重大突发公共卫生事件风险感知与应对的质性研究

Qualitative study on public risk perception and response under major public health emergencies

背景公众的风险感知、情绪反应和行为规律是重大公共卫生事件风险管理中的关键要素。目的探讨重大突发公共卫生事件下公众风险感知及情绪、行为应对的演变特点,为评估公众风险感知状态,引导情绪反应及预测其行为变化提供决策支持。方法采用描述性质性研究方法,于2022年4-6月选取20例公众作为研究对象进行半结构式访谈,采用内容分析法进行资料分析并提炼主题。结果公众风险感知随重大突发公共卫生事件发展演化呈现“低—强—低—波动”的特点;情绪反应呈现“急性应激—慢性应激—缓解恢复”的特点;行为应对呈现“规避风险和控制损失—群际协作—维持健康行为”的特点。结论公众风险感知、情绪反应与行为应对随重大突发公共事件进展呈现出一定演变规律,建议各级政府部门依此采取相应的应急管理决策和风险沟通策略,提高重大突发公共卫生事件的防控效果。

Background Public risk perception,emotional response and behavioral rules are key elements in risk management of major public health emergencies.Objective To explore the evolution characteristics of public risk perception and response under major public health emergencies,so as to provide decision support for assessing public risk perception,guiding emotional response and predicting behavioral changes.Methods Descriptive nature of qualitative research was applied in 20 citizens for semi-structured interviews from April to June in 2022,and content analysis was used to analyze the data and refine the themes.Results The public’s risk perceptions with the evolution of major public health emergencies presented the characteristics of“low-strong-low-fluctuation”.Their emotional response showed the characteristics of“acute stress-chronic stress-relief and recovery”.Their behavioral coping presented the change of“risk avoidance and loss control-intergroup cooperation-health maintenance behavior”.Conclusion Public risk perceptions,emotional response and behavioral coping show a certain evolution characteristics with the progress of major public health emergencies,which suggests that government departments at all levels should adopt corresponding emergency management decisions and risk communication strategies according to its characteristics,so as to improve the prevention and control effect of major public health emergencies.