药品犯罪刑事司法治理模式的实践检视

A Practical Review of the Criminal Judicial Governance Model of Drug Crimes

通过对药品犯罪司法惩治现状的梳理,发现既往犯罪治理的重点在销售端,对生产行为与帮助行为的查处有限;司法认定中偏重缺陷药品的形式评价,而对药品危险性的实质评价不足;量刑环节报应色彩较重,弱化了刑罚预防功能。在《刑法修正案(十一)》生效以后,这种传统治理模式难以适应缺陷药品性质评价复杂化、缺陷药品证据认定标准复杂化、犯罪故意司法认定复杂化的挑战。为此,应当拓宽缺陷药品的证明方式,通过司法推定的反驳机制,合理限制主观明知的司法扩张,限缩妨害药品管理罪中具体危险的判断规则,加强对缺陷药品的源头治理,强化刑罚的特殊预防效果。

After sorting out the characteristics of judicial punishment of drug crimes,it is found that the sales is the focus of previous crime governance,which limits the investigation of production and accessory;the formal evaluation of defective drugs is emphasized in judicial identification,but the substantive evaluation of drug risk is insufficient;in the sentencing link,the tendency to retribution is heavier,which weakens the preventive function of punishment.This traditional governance model faces the challenges of complex evaluation of the nature of defective drugs,complex identification standards for defective drugs,and complex subjective and knowing judicial determination after the“Criminal Law Amendment(XI)”takes effect.As a result,it is necessary to broaden the methods of proving defective drugs,reasonably limit the judicial expansion of subjective knowledge through the refutation mechanism of judicial presumption,limit the judgment rules of specific dangers in the crime of obstructing drug management,strengthen the source control of defective drugs and strengthen the special prevention effect of punishment.