自由划分而非法益保护——国家确立刑法规范的本体论根据

Free Demarcation Rather Than Legal Interests Protection:Ontological Basis for the State to Establish Criminal Law Norms

在说明国家确立刑法规范的根据时,法益理论从未提供一个确定性的内容。无论从前实证法中的价值秩序,还是从实证法中的宪法秩序价值,法益理论均不能确定自身包含哪些内容,并进而说明是什么侵害了法益。同样,法益理论无法说明在什么范围内需要将自身上升为刑法的保护对象。法益理论与立法者想要据以确定哪些属于刑法意义上的行为类型毫无关系,法益保护理论对说明国家确立刑法规范的根据并不具有理论贡献。事实上,规范为人格体在社会中彼此共存获得自由提供了可能,规范确立的根据并非对有价值客体的保护,而是对人格体之间自由空间的合理划分。对刑法规范来说,立法者通过设置积极义务与消极义务以及责任承担,为人格体间的自由划定了合理的界限,从而保障了人格自由在社会中成为现实。

In explaining the basis for establishing the criminal law norms,the theory of legal interests has never obtained the deterministic contents.Regardless of the value order in the previous positive law or the value of the constitutional order in the positive law,the legal interest theory cannot determine what content it contains,and then reasonably explain what infringes on the legal interest.In addition,the theory of legal interests cannot identify the scope within which it needs to be elevated to the protection object of criminal law.Therefore,the theory of legal interests has nothing to do with what legislators want to determine which belong to the crime in the criminal law,and the protection of legal interests has no theoretical contribution to determining the basis for the establishment of criminal law norms.In fact,norms make it possible for the person to coexist with each other in society and obtain freedom.The basis of norms is not the protection of certain valuable objects,but the rational demarcation of free space between personalities.For the norms of criminal law,legislators set reasonable boundaries for the freedom between personalities by setting positive and negative obligations and responsibility,thus ensuring that personality freedom becomes a reality in society.