陈独秀对国民“最后之觉悟”的唤醒——以陈独秀新文化运动前的活动为中心

On the A wakening,Made by Chen Duxiu,to the Final Consciousness of the People Based on His Activities before the New Culture Movement

国民“最后之觉悟”是新文化运动时期国民性改造的目标。陈独秀唤醒国民“最后之觉悟”包含两方面内容:一是通过陈述国家危亡的事实、身国相连的道理来拨动国民麻木的神经,进而唤醒其“爱国心”;二是通过极力渲染西式共和立宪的优越性来刺激国民,进而唤醒其“自觉心”。陈独秀对国民“最后之觉悟”的唤醒虽没有完全达到预期目标,但有着重要的历史价值:一方面对国民进行了爱国主义教育和现代性的启蒙;另一方面也为新文化运动的深入发展提供了思想上、方法上的准备。

The Final Awareness of the people is the goal of the national transformation of the New Culture Movement.Chen Duxiu's construction of the national Final Awareness includes two aspects:first,it agitates the national numb nerves by vividly stating the fact of the national crisis and the reason of the national connection,and then constructs his"patriotism";The second is to vigorously play up the superiority of the Western-style republican constitution over the traditional autocratic system of China to stimulate the people,and then construct their"self-consciousness".Although the construction of Chen Duxiu's national"final awareness"has not completely achieved the expected goal,it has important historical value.It has carried out patriotic education for the people,enlightened the people on modernity,and provided ideological and methodological preparations for the in-depth development of the New Culture Movement.