基于政策工具的职业病防治政策文本分析

Text analysis of occupational disease prevention and control policies based on policy tools

目的基于政策工具分析职业病防治政策文本,以海南省为例。方法在海南省人民政府、海南省卫生健康委员会、海南省应急管理厅(安监局)和北大法宝数据库以“职业病”“职业健康”“尘肺”等为关键词,检索2002年5月至2022年12月相关政策,构建政策工具-政策主体-三级预防三维框架进行量化分析。结果纳入32份政策文本共形成386条编码,政策工具中供给型、环境型、需求型分别占比19.17%、71.24%、9.59%;政策主体中行政机关、用人单位、行业、职工、社会分别占比69.17%、20.47%、3.37%、3.37%、3.63%;三级预防中一级预防、二级预防、三级预防分别占比74.87%、17.62%、7.51%。结论优化政策工具结构,适当提高需求型与供给型政策工具使用频率;注重政策主体协同性,适当强化用人单位、行业、职工及社会主体频率;加强职业病防治结合,进一步协调好三级预防措施。

Objective To analyze occupational disease prevention and control policy texts based on policy tools,taking Hainan Province as an example.Methods Using“occupational disease”,“occupational health”,and“pneumoconiosis”as keywords,the relevant policies from May,2002 to December,2022 were searched in the Hainan Provincial People’s Government,Hainan Provincial Health Commission,Hainan Provincial Emergency Management Department(Work Safety Administration)and Peking University’s Talisman database to construct a three-dimensional framework of policy tool-policy subject-tertiary prevention for quantitative analysis.Results A total of 386 codes were included in 32 policy texts,and the supply,environment and demand policy tools accounted for 19.17%,71.24%,and 9.59%,respectively.Among the policy subjects,administrative organs,employers,industries,workers,and society accounted for 69.17%,20.47%,3.37%,3.37%,and 3.63%respectively.Among the tertiary prevention,primary prevention,secondary prevention,and tertiary prevention accounted for 74.87%,17.62%,and 7.51%respectively.Conclusion Optimize the structure of policy tools and appropriately increase the frequency of use of demand-type and supply-type policy tools;pay attention to the coordination of policy subjects,and appropriately strengthen the frequency of employers,industries,employees and social subjects;strengthen the combination of occupational disease prevention and control,and further coordinate the tertiary prevention measures.