植物小分子信号肽参与非生物逆境胁迫应答的研究进展

Research Progress in Plant Small Signaling Peptides Involved in Abiotic Stress Response

植物小分子信号肽(small signaling peptides, SSPs)是一类蛋白长度小于120个氨基酸的小肽,作为新型信号分子在植物应答非生物逆境胁迫中发挥重要的作用。植物中含有千余种SSPs,多种多样的结构特点、修饰过程与不同受体的结合发挥其特异的功能,参与植物与环境之间的互作。挖掘鉴定植物SSPs功能基因,解析它们应答非生物逆境胁迫的调控机制,对增强植物抗性、改善植物生长具有重要的理论与实践意义。植物SSPs主要包括胞外非分泌型小肽、胞内非分泌型小肽、胞外翻译后修饰分泌型小肽和胞外富含半胱氨酸分泌型小肽四大类。介绍了四类植物SSPs的结构、特征;阐述了它们以SSP配体结合LRR-RLK受体激酶完成信号转导过程,以激活下游抗性基因表达为模式的调控机制;重点综述了它们在干旱、高温、盐渍、营养等非生物逆境胁迫应答中的生物学功能及调控机制。最后讨论了植物SSPs未来研究的方向和有待解决的问题,还对SSPs类生长调节剂的开发前景进行了展望,旨在为提高植物应对环境胁迫和实现农业可持续发展提供新的思路和路径。

Plant small signaling peptides(SSPs)are a class of small peptides with a protein length of less than 120 amino acids.They play an important role as novel signaling molecules in plant responses to abiotic stresses.There are over thousand kinds of SSPs in plants.Their diverse structural features,modification processes,and the binding of different receptors exert their specific functions to participate in the interactions between plants and their environment.The identification of functional genes of plant SSPs and the analysis of their regulatory mechanisms in response to abiotic stresses are of great theoretical and practical importance for enhancing plant resistance and improving plant growth.Plant SSPs mainly include four major categories:extracellular non-secretory small peptides,intracellular non-secretory small peptides,extracellular post-translational modified secretory small peptides,and extracellular cysteine-rich secretory small peptides.We briefly describe four types of plant SSPs'structure and characteristics in this review.We also elucidate their regulatory mechanisms in which SSP ligands bind to LRR-RLK receptor kinases to complete the signal transduction process and activate the expressions of downstream resistance genes.We mainly elaborate on their biological functions and their function mechanisms in response to abiotic stresses such as drought,high temperature,salinity,and nutrient deficiency.Finally,we discuss the future research directions and unresolved issues of plant SSPs.We also look forward to the development of corresponding SSPs-based growth regulators,aiming to provide new ideas for improving plant responses to environmental stress and achieving sustainable agricultural development.