植物盐腺泌盐及发育研究进展

Research Progress in Salt Gland Secretion and Development in Plants

盐腺是泌盐盐生植物抵御盐胁迫的重要表皮结构,泌盐盐生植物可以通过盐腺将体内多余的盐离子排出体外,从而避免盐胁迫。盐腺作为泌盐盐生植物实现高效抗盐的重要结构,在逆境生理、发育和进化等领域都引起了关注和讨论,集中在盐腺的超微结构、生理功能、泌盐机制以及发育模式等不同层面已有广泛的研究报道。本文综述了盐腺结构、分泌机制、盐腺发育的研究进展,总结了盐腺泌盐的可能途径以及盐腺发育的调控方式和关键基因,对未来盐腺泌盐和发育的研究提出了相关见解,讨论了盐腺这一独特形态学结构对于植物耐盐性的作用,并对提高植物耐盐性、培育耐盐品种提出了理论依据和建议,有利于深入解析植物耐盐适应演化、培育抗盐作物和高效利用盐碱地。

Salt gland is one of the important epidermal structures of recreto-halophytes in resistance to salt stress,which secrete excessive salt ions out of the body to prevent the plant from being damaged by salt stress.As an important structure to achieve high salt resistance in halophytes,salt glands deserve extensive attention and discussion in the fields of stress physiology,development and evolutionary biology.A large number of studies have been reported in the ultrastructure,physiological function,mechanism of salt secretion and developmental pattern of salt glands.In this paper,we reviewed the research progress of salt gland structure,secretion mechanism and salt gland development,summarized the feasible pathways of salt gland secretion and the regulation mode and key genes of salt gland development,proposed relevant views for future research on salt gland secretion and development,and discussed the role of this unique morphological structure of salt gland on plant salt tolerance.We also proposed the theoretical basis and suggestions for improving plant salt tolerance and breeding salt-tolerant plant varieties.The related studies will be beneficial for in-depth analysis of plant salt tolerance adaptation evolution,cultivation of salt resistant crops,and efficient utilization of saline land.