高校科研创新效率的动态演进、区域差异及其收敛性研究

Dynamic Distribution Regional Difference and Convergence:Research on Innovation Efficiency of Universities

在整体上把握高校科研创新效率的空间演进态势,对于高校当好高水平科技自立自强的“排头兵”有重要现实意义。以31个省域为对象测算2001—2020年的高校科研创新效率,并通过核密度估计、Dagum基尼系数及其分解法和基于空间效应的β收敛模型,分析了高校科研创新效率的动态演进、区域差异及其收敛性。研究发现,高校科研创新效率呈现稳定的上升趋势,但总体水平仍然较低,地区异质性、时间阶段性特征明显,且空间正相关关系持续而稳定;受地方性特征的影响,空间差异持续扩大;高校科研创新效率存在显著的条件β收敛过程,不同地区的高校科研创新效率将遵循俱乐部特征收敛至稳态水平。“十四五”期间,优化科研管理制度环境,释放科研创新活力,寻找释放科技创新等高等教育质量红利的高质量发展转型路径,并充分发挥头部地区的“极点”作用,带动区域间高校科研创新效率由空间集聚到空间溢出。

Grasping the evolution trend of scientific research and innovation fficiency of universities as a whole are of great practical significance for universities to be the“forerunners”of high-level science and technology.By measuring the scientific research innovation efficiency of universities across 31 provincial areas from 2001 tc 2020,and through kernel density estimation,Dagum Gini cofficient andβconvergence model based on spatial effects,the study analyzed the dynamic evolution,spatial differences and their convergence.The study found that the scientific research innovation efficiency of universities showed a steady upward trend,yet the overall level remained low,with obvious regional heterogeneity and a positive spatial correlation.However,afected by local characteristics,the scientific research innovation efficiency of universities continued to expand.There are significant conditional B-convergence processes in the scientific research innovation fficiency of universities,and different regions will converge to a steady state.The“14th Five-Year Plan”period has seen efforts to optimize the scientific research management system and environment,and find high-quality development transformation paths that release the quality dividends of higher education such as scientific and technological innovation,and give full play to the“polar”ffeet of leading regions to drive the efficiency of scientific research and innovation in regional universities,enabling a shift from spatial agglomeration to overflow.