北京九龙山及其周边水域鸟兽多样性

Diversity of Birds and Mammals in Jiulong Mountain,Beijing and Its Adjacent Waters

【目的】调查北京九龙山,制作全面的兽类和鸟类名录。【方法】为了了解北京九龙山及周边水域兽类和鸟类多样性,本研究于2018年7月至2023年3月,在北京九龙山暖温带森林国家长期科研基地及周边水域主要采用固定样线法、辅以红外相机调查法开展了兽类和鸟类多样性调查。【结果】经鉴定,共记录到野生动物152种(隶属23目50科),包括兽类10种(隶属6目7科)和鸟类142种(隶属17目43科)。其中,属于国家一级重点保护的野生动物有3种,分别是黑鹳、猎隼和黄胸鹀;属于国家二级重点保护的野生动物有19种,包括雁形目2种、鹰形目9种、隼形目4种、雀形目4种;属于北京市重点保护的野生动物有51种,包括兽类6种和鸟类45种;中国特有鸟类有5种。以区系组成分析,北京九龙山的兽类仅有野猪是广布种,其它9种均为古北界物种;北京九龙山及周边水域鸟类以古北界物种为主(记录81种,占鸟类总种数的57.04%),东洋界物种和广布种数量几乎无差别。以鸟类居留类型分析,调查区域的旅鸟最多(记录49种,占39.52%),冬候鸟最少(记录12种,占8.45%),夏候鸟和留鸟数量相差不大。【结论】本研究表明北京九龙山及周边水域的兽类和鸟类物种多样性高,重点保护、珍稀濒危及特有种都比较丰富,具有极高的保护价值和意义,后续需加强野生动物种群动态变化的监测和评估工作,可为北京九龙山乃至门头沟区生物多样性保护和管理方案的制定提供科学依据。

【Objective】Jiulong mountain in Beijing is not only an important natural biological germplasm resource conservation repository in the warm temperate zone of China,but also a priority area for biodiversity conservation in China.However,no investigations have been conducted so far,and there is a lack of a comprehensive list of mammals and birds.In order to understand the diversity of mammals and birds in Jiulong Mountain,Beijing and its adjacent waters,this study conducted a survey of mammal and bird species in the region from July 2018 to March 2023.【Method】Comprehensive surveys have been done to evaluate diversity of mammals and birds by using fixed line transects primarily and secondarily using infrared camera surveys.A total of 10 survey lines were set up inside and outside forest zone in Jiulong mountain,Beijing and its adjacent waters,covering a wide range of diverse habitats at different altitudes.【Result】There are 152 species of wild animals(belonging to 23 orders and 50 families),including 10 species of mammals(belonging to 6 orders and 7 families)and 142 species of birds(belonging to 17 orders and 43 families).Three species are listed as Class I national protected animals including Ciconia nigra,Falco cherrug and Emberiza aureola,while 19 species are listed as Class II national protected animals,including 2 species of the order Anseriformes,9 species of the order Accipitriformes,4 species of the order Falconiformes,and 4 species of the order Passeriformes.51 species are list in Beijing key protected wild animals,including 6 species of mammals and 45 species of birds.In addition,a total of 5 Chinese endemic birds were recorded in Jiulong mountain,Beijing.According to the analysis of faunal composition,only Sus scrofa is a widely distributed species of mammals in this region,while the other 9 species are all Palearctic species.The birds in this survey area are dominated by Palaearctic species(81 species recorded,accounting for 57.04%of the total bird species),with almost no difference in the number of Oriental and widespread species.Based on the analysis of bird residence types,the survey area has the largest number of passage migrant(49 recorded species,accounting for 39.52%),and the smallest number of winter visitor(12 recorded species,accounting for 8.45%).There is no significant difference in the number of summer visitor and resident birds.【Conclusion】The results indicate that the species diversity of mammals and birds in Jiulong mountain,Beijing and its adjacent waters is high,along with high proportions of key protected,endangered and endemic animals.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and assessment of wildlife population dynamics,which can provide scientific basis for the formulation of biodiversity conservation and management plans in this area and even Mentougou district.