不同营林措施对林下层多样性和群落结构的影响

Effects of Different Forest Management Measures on Understory Diversity and Community Structure

【目的】分析林下层多样性和群落结构在不同营林措施下的具体表现,确定适宜的营林措施,解决森林经营和生态保护之间的矛盾。【方法】以辽宁省西丰县试验林场作为研究对象,采用样区调查方式,设置三种营林措施,即割灌抚育、采伐、林下种植,分析不同营林措施对当地林下层多样性和群落结构的影响。【结果】与对照组相比,三种营林措施均降低了灌草层的盖度和丰富度指数。三种营林措施下的灌草层盖度、丰富度指数低于对照组,其中种植样地灌草层盖度、丰富度指数最低。不同营林措施下的生物量排序为:种植样地<采伐样地<对照样地<割灌样地。【结论】割灌抚育、采伐、林下种植会减少林下层物种多样性,破坏林下层群落结构,其中林下种植会直接铲除林下层所有目标物种,因此对林下层多样性和群落结构影响最大。

【Objective】The diversity and community structure of understory were analyzed under different forest management measures,and the appropriate forest management measures were determined to solve the contradiction between forest management and ecological protection.【Method】Taking the experimental forest farm in Xifeng county,Liaoning province as the research object,three forest management measures were set up,namely,cutting and tending,cutting and planting under the forest,and the effects of different forest management measures on the diversity and community structure of the local understory were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control group,the three forest management measures all reduced the coverage and richness index of the shrub layer.The coverage and richness index of shrub layer under the three forest management measures were lower than that of the control group,and the coverage and richness index of shrub layer in the planting sample were the lowest.The biomass under different forest management measures was ranked as follows:planting plot<cutting plot<matching plot<cutting irrigation plot.【Conclusion】Cutting and tending,logging,and understory planting have varying degrees of impact on understory diversity and community structure,with understory planting having the greatest impact on understory diversity and community structure.