周敦颐“内圣外王”思想研究

A Study on Zhou Dunyi′s Thought of"Being Sage Inside and Being Kingly Outside"

“内圣外王”是儒家甚至整个中国哲学的重要话题,而生活于儒家与佛、道论争时期的周敦颐在继承传统儒家思想的基础上,形成了他自己的“内圣外王”思想,表现出较强的创新性。周敦颐的哲学体系以“太极”宇宙论和“诚”本体论为核心,并将圣人作为天道向人道转化的承接者,围绕着圣人、道德本体之“诚”以及动与静之间的关系,构建了“内圣外王”之修养工夫的理论体系,并且得出圣人是可学的、也是可以达到的结论。“内圣”的目标是以圣人为道德榜样和理想人格,在对本体“诚”认识的基础上立志成圣;“外王”则是要在达到“内圣”的基础上实现圣人的外王目的,即治国平天下的理想。

"Being sage inside and being kingly outside"is an important topic in Confucianism and even the entire Chinese philosophy.Zhou Dunyi,who lived during the period of controversy between Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism,inherited traditional Confucianism and developed his own ideology of"being sage inside and being kingly outside",demonstrating strong innovation.Zhou Dunyi′s philosophical system revolves around the cosmology of"Tai Chi"and the ontology of"integrity",and regards the sage as the inheritor of the transformation from the Heavenly Dao to the Humanistic Dao.Around"integrity"of the sage and the moral ontology,as well as the relationship between movement and stillness,he constructed a theoretical system of the cultivation of"being sage inside and being kingly outside",and concluded that the sage is learnable and achievable.The goal of"being sage inside"is to take the sage as a moral example and ideal personality,and aspire to become a saint based on the understanding of"integrity"of the ontology,while"being kingly outside"aims to achieve the sage′s goal of being kingly outside on the basis of achieving"being sage inside",that is,the ideal of governing the country and stabilizing the world.