中国农村宅基地所有权代理行使主体比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Agent Exercise Subjects of Rural Homesteads Ownership in China

随着农村宅基地“三权分置”改革的推进,如何落实好“三权”--所有权、资格权和使用权成为当前研究热点。在所有权的相关研究中,现有研究主要分析了所有权的落实对宅基地制度改革的影响以及当前宅基地所有权制度存在的问题,而对宅基地所有权落实视角下行使主体特征的研究与比较相对不足。基于此,本研究根据当前宅基地所有权主体的特征,剖析宅基地制度改革中所有权主体的代理形式--农村集体经济组织、村民委员会和村民理事会的形式、职能、行权机制以及存在的问题。研究发现:当前宅基地制度改革中3种所有权代理行使主体在形式、职能以及行权机制上存在较大的差异,三者均无法完全胜任宅基地所有权行使主体的角色。因此,需因地制宜选择宅基地所有权代理行使主体,对现有的村民自治组织进行职能分割与改进,同时应考虑延伸宅基地所有权行使主体的权能范围。

With the reform of the separation of the ownership,contractual,and management rights in nural homesteads,how to implement the ownership,contractual,and management rights in the homesteads system has become a hot topic of current research.However,the existing studies mainly analyzed the impact of the implementation of ownership rights on the reform of the homestead system and the problems of the current homestead ownership system,while the study and comparison of the characteristics of exercising subjects under the perspective of the implementation of homestead ownership rights are relatively insuficient.Based on this,this paper analyzed the similarities and differences in the forms,functions and operations of the nural collective economic organizations,villagers'committees and villagers'councils,as well as the problems that exist in the agency forms of the ownership subjects in the homesteads system reform according to the characteristics of the current homesteads ownership subjects.It was found that there are signifcant differences in the forms,functions and operation mechanisms of the three types of ownership agents in the current homesteads reform,and none of them can fully perform the role of the homesteads ownership agent,so it is necessary to select the homesteads ownership agent according to local conditions,divide and improve the functions of the existing peasant self-government organizations,and consider the extension of the powers scope of homesteads ownership.