中国南瓜产业优势及贸易竞争力分析

Analysis on China's Industry Advantages and Trade Competitiveness of Pumpkin

中国是世界南瓜生产大国,南瓜产量和面积均居世界第一位,尤其是白瓜籽产业极具竞争力。基于联合国粮食及农业组织和中国海关数据,对1961—2021年全球和中国南瓜的生产现状、主产区分布、进出口现状和贸易竞争力指数进行分析,结果表明:全球南瓜种植面积没有大的变化,但1961—2021年总产、单产分别增长了3.57倍、3.54倍,速冻南瓜进出口单价呈现先上升后近几年下降趋势;2021年全球南瓜种植面积、总产量中国最高,单产水平美国最高,速冻南瓜出口量、国际市场占有率墨西哥最高;中国南瓜种植面积、总产量、单产1961—2021年分别增长了8倍、16倍和2倍,单产增幅小于全球值,速冻南瓜、白瓜籽是中国贸易顺差产品,贸易竞争力指数分别为0.3845、0.9994,速冻南瓜出口单价呈现下降趋势,白瓜籽出口单价呈现上升趋势;中国是全球最大的南瓜生产国,速冻南瓜在国际市场的竞争力相对较弱,白瓜籽在国际市场极具竞争力。最后,剖析了中国南瓜产业发展及贸易中存在的问题,展望了中国南瓜产业发展前景,并提出了提高中国南瓜贸易竞争力的对策建议。

China is a major producer of pumpkin in the world,the yield and area rank first in the world,especially the pumpkin seeds industry is highly competitive.Based on the data of FAO and China Customs,the production status,the distribution of main producing areas,the import and export status and the trade competitiveness index of pumpkin in the world and China from 1961 to 2021 were analyzed.The results showed that,there was no significant change in the global pumpkin planting area,but the total yield and per unit yield increased by 3.57 and 3.54 times from 1961 to 2021,respectively;the unit price of import and export of frozen-pumpkin increased first and then decreased in recent years;in 2021,the global pumpkin planting area and total yield in China were the highest,the unit yield in the United States was the highest,and the frozen-pumpkin export volume and international market share in Mexico were the highest;China's pumpkin planting area,yield and unit yield increased by 8,16 and 2 times respectively from 1961 to 2021,and the increase rate of unit yield was less than the global value,frozen-pumpkin and pumpkin seeds were China's trade surplus products,the trade competitiveness index was 0.3845 and 0.9994,respectively,and the export price of frozen-pumpkin showed a downward trend and the export price of pumpkin seeds showed an upward trend.China is the largest pumpkin producer in the world,frozen-pumpkin is relatively weak in the international market,pumpkin seeds are extremely competitive in the international market.Finally,the problems in the development and trade of China's pumpkin industry were analyzed,the future prospects of China's pumpkin industry were forecasted,and countermeasures and suggestions on improving the trade competitiveness of China's pumpkin were put forward.