稻壳类生物沥青微观作用机理研究

Study on the microscopic mechanism of rice husk bio-ashpalt

为了探究稻壳类生物质油替代石油沥青的微观作用机理,以稻壳类生物质油和6种石油沥青为原材料,制备稻壳类生物沥青。采用针入度、软化点和延度指标评价稻壳类生物沥青的物理性能,通过傅里叶红外光谱实验(FTIR)和高温凝胶色谱实验(GPC)探究稻壳类生物沥青的微观作用机理。研究表明,稻壳类生物质油会使石油沥青的针入度和延度增大,同时使软化点略有降低;稻壳类生物质油与6种石油沥青的官能团相似,且生物沥青制备时未产生新的官能团;随着稻壳类生物质油的掺加,6种生物沥青中的小分子和中分子含量增加,大分子的含量变化不大,稻壳类生物质油小分子和中分子含量较多,生物沥青的数均分子量M_(n)和重均分子量M_(w)均降低。稻壳类生物质油的加入,使石油沥青的低温性能提高,流动性增大,高温性能稍有降低但并不会降低石油沥青的高温等级,稻壳类生物质油可以作为石油沥青的替代材料使用。

In order to explore the microscopic action mechanism of rice husk bio-oil replacing petroleum asphalt,rice husk bio-oil and six kinds of petroleum asphalt were used as raw materials to prepare rice husk bio-asphalt.The physical properties of rice husk bio-asphalt were evaluated by penetration,softening point and ductility.The microscopic mechanism of rice husk bio-asphalt was explored by Fourier infrared spectroscopy test(FTIR)and high temperature gel chromatography test(GPC).The results show that rice husk bio-oil can increase the penetration and ductility of petroleum asphalt,and decrease the softening point slightly.The functional groups of rice husk bio-oil are similar to those of the six petroleum asphalt,and no new functional groups are generated during the preparation of bio-asphalt.With the addition of rice husk bio-oil,the content of small and medium molecules in six bio-asphalt increased,while the content of large molecules did not change much.The content of small and medium molecules in rice husk bio-oil increased,and the number average molecular weight M_(n) and weight average molecular weight M_(w) of bio-asphalt decreased.With the addition of rice husk bio-oil,the low-temperature performance and fluidity of petroleum asphalt are improved,while the high temperature performance is slightly reduced but the high temperature grade of petroleum asphalt is not reduced.Rice husk bio-oil can be used as a substitute material for petroleum asphalt.