权利契约与权力制衡:美国私立研究型大学章程执行有效性分析

Rights Contract and Power Balance:Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Implementation of University Charter of American Private Research Universities

美国私立研究型大学章程作为高校自治的“宪章”,对高校改革发展具有引领性作用。大学章程有效执行是章程建设的关键,其执行有效性可以从大学章程的执行度、认知度、认同度和功能实现度四个维度进行分析。围绕四个维度探究影响大学章程执行有效性的因素,发现其主要包括执行组织的专业性与协作性、执行程序的规范性与连贯性、执行环境的驱动性与渗透性、执行资源的丰富性与可持续性、监督体系的完善性与规约性。以美国私立研究型大学章程执行有效性为镜鉴,我国高校应该以章程修订为契机,明确执行组织,强调主体的权责分配;规范执行程序,体现章程的适应性;优化执行环境,释放环境的支持力;开发执行资源,实现“输血”与“造血”的叠加;强化执行监督,保障应然与实然的统一。

As the"charter"of university autonomy,the charter of American private research universityplays a leading role in the reform and development of colleges and universities.The efiective implementationof the university charter is the key to the construction of the constitution,and the effectiveness of itsimplementation can be analyzed from the four dimensions of the execution degree,cognition degree,recognition degree and function realization degree of the university charter.The factors inluencing theeffectiveness of the execution of the university constitution are explored around the four dimensions,including the professionalism and cooperation of the execution organization,the standardization andcoherence of the execution procedures,the driving and penetration of the execution environment,therichness and sustainability of the execution resources,and the perfection and regulation of the supervisionsystem.Considering the effectiveness of the constitution of American private research universities,Chincseuniversitics should take the opportunity of the amendment to clarify the implementation organization,emphasize the distribution of the rights and responsibilities of the subject;standardize the implementationprocedures and reflect the adaptability;optimize the execution environment and release the supportingenvironmenl;develop the execution resources to realize the superposition of"blood transfusion"and"hematopoiesis";strengthen the execution supervision,and ensure the unity of obligation and actuality.