青海省高海拔地区围绝经期妇女抑郁障碍的相关因素研究

A study on related factors of depressive disorder in perimenopausal women in high altitude area of Qinghai province

目的:分析青海省高海拔地区围绝经期妇女抑郁障碍发病的相关影响因素。方法:采用相关问卷及量表对2018年1月至12月于青海省第三人民医院就诊的200例高海拔地区围绝经期妇女进行调查,分析其抑郁障碍的特点、影响因素及抑郁障碍与围绝经期综合征的关系。结果:200例妇女中抑郁障碍者83例,占41.50%。抑郁障碍妇女泌尿系统症状、性交痛、皮肤蚂蚁走感、心悸、头痛、骨关节肌肉痛、疲乏、眩晕、抑郁疑心、易激动、失眠、感觉异常、潮热出汗发生率均显著高于无抑郁障碍妇女,慢性病比例、主观支持、客观支持、对支持利用度以及社会支持评定量表总分均显著低于无抑郁障碍妇女(P均<0.05)。多元Logistic回归结果显示,慢性病、感觉异常、潮热出汗、眩晕是抑郁障碍发病的独立危险因素,主观支持、客观支持、对支持利用度是保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论:高海拔地区围绝经期妇女抑郁障碍发病率较高,慢性病、感觉异常、潮热出汗、眩晕是主要危险因素,社会支持是重要保护因素,应当加强社会支持以及慢性病、围绝经期症状干预等工作,减少抑郁障碍的发生。

Objective:To analyze the related factors of depressive disorder in perimenopausal women in high altitude area.Method:A total of 200 perimenopausal women from high altitude areas who visited the Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province from January to December 2018 were investigated with relevant questionnaires and scales.The characteristics and influencing factors of depression and the relationship between depression and perimenopausal syndrome were analyzed.Results:There were 83 cases of depressive disorder in 200 women,accounting for 41.50%.The incidence of urinary system symptoms,sexual intercourse pain,skin ant walking sensation,palpitation,headache,bone joint muscle pain,fatigue,vertigo,depression suspicion,excitability,insomnia,abnormal sensation,hot and sweating in women with depression disorder was significantly higher than that in women without depression disorder,the proportion of chronic diseases,subjective support,objective support,utilization of support and the total score of social support rate scale of women with depression disorder were significantly lower than those of women without depression disorder(all P<0.05).The results of multiple Logistic regression showed that,chronic disease,abnormal sensation,hot sweating and vertigo were the independent risk factors of depression in perimenopausal women,the subjective support,objective support and utilization of support were the protective factors of depression(all P<0.05).Conclusion:The incidence rate of depression is high in perimenopausal women at high altitude.Chronic diseases,abnormal sensation,hot flashes,sweating and vertigo are the main risk factors.Social support is an important protective factor.Social support and intervention of chronic diseases and perimenopausal symptoms should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of depressive disorders.