基于可再生能源的膜脱盐技术进展

Research progress of renewable energy-driven membrane desalination technology

膜法脱盐技术具有分离效率高、适用范围广等优势,在碳达峰与碳中和的战略背景下,高能耗仍是膜脱盐技术的关键瓶颈之一。在海岛等缺少稳定供能的地区,开发基于可再生能源的新型膜脱盐技术可为膜法脱盐的应用普及提供关键技术支撑。首先简述了易与可再生能源系统相耦合的反渗透及电渗析脱盐原理,系统总结了基于太阳能、风能、盐差能等可再生能源的膜脱盐技术及其工作原理与运行效果,指出目前基于可再生能源的膜脱盐技术尚存在耦合策略不成熟、易受自然因素影响等不足,继而提出今后的研究方向应集中于深入探究可再生能源单元与膜脱盐单元间的耦合机制,并将可再生能源膜脱盐系统与电子信息技术进行深度融合等方面。

Membrane desalination technology has the advantages of high separation efficiency and a wide application range.When carbon peaking and carbon neutralization have become the global consensus today,the high energy consumption in membrane desalination technologies is still the bottle neck.In islands and other areas lacking stable energy supply,developing of new membrane desalination technology based on renewable energy can provide key technical support for the application of membrane desalination.The principle of membrane desalination processes,which are easy to be coupled with renewable energy systems such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis,were introduced first,and the membrane desalination technology based on renewable energy such as solar energy,wind energy,salt difference energy and its working principle and effect were summarized systematically.It was pointed out that the coupling strategy of membrane desalination technology based on renewable energy was immature and easy to be affected by natural factors.And the future research direction was proposed which should focus on the coupling mechanism between renewable energy drive unit and membrane desalination unit,and the deep integration of renewable energy membrane desalination system with electronic information technology.