烃源岩母质之海洋有机质的生产及其控制作用

Production and Control of Marine Organic Matter as Parent Material of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks

从世界油气勘探成果来看,海相烃源岩分布是十分广泛的,通常情况下也是优质的。从地质学角度研究有机质富集机制是一个反演过程,难以建立正向预测模型,而现代海洋作用研究有助于解决该问题。通过对现代海洋有机质生产相关研究进展的综述,以阐明有机质生产的环境特征、关键因素和有利机制。研究表明,海洋有机质生产是非均一分布的,高生产力主要分布在具有上升流系统的富营养区,尤其是在发育全年性上升流系统的低纬度大陆西海岸。现代地理条件下盛行的上升流机制及上升流区分布,对古代烃源岩发育评价具有重要的“将今论古”指导意义。

From the perspective of global oil and gas exploration results,marine source rocks are widely distributed and usually of high quality.Studying the mechanism of organic matter enrichment from a geological perspective is an inversion process,and it is difficult to establish a forward prediction model.Modern research on ocean processes can help solve this problem.This article reviews the research progress related to modern marine organic matter production to elucidate the environmental characteristics,key factors,and favorable mechanisms of organic matter production.Research has shown that marine organic matter production is nonuniformly distributed,with high productivity mainly distributed in nutrient rich areas with upwelling systems,especially in low latitude continental west coasts with year-round upwelling systems.The prevailing upwelling mechanism and distribution of upwelling areas under modern geographical conditions have important guiding significance for the evaluation of ancient hydrocarbon source rock development.