生成式人工智能技术的安全风险及其防范策略

Security Risks of Generative Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Prevention Strategies

大数据时代下,以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能的发展蕴含着技术革命的契机,也可能带来潜在的社会风险。为了鼓励生成式人工智能技术的创新发展并规避其所带来的安全风险,需要积极提出并构建起生成式人工智能技术的安全风险防范策略。以当代新兴生成式人工智能技术为研究对象,遵循系统性文献综述法的范式,阐释生成式人工智能技术的内涵及其运行机理,进一步提出生成式人工智能技术的安全风险可以概括为思想风险、社会安全风险、政府建设与治理风险、政治安全风险。这种类型划分不仅印证了该技术社会影响的全面性,也揭示了风险生成的内在机理。在此基础之上文章还考察了生成式人工智能技术安全风险产生的原因,主要包括:算法强化人类偏见,算法霸权的崛起,人机关系的倒置与人类自我质疑。为了构建负责任性、有预见性的生成式人工智能技术安全风险防范策略,应坚持从加强党的领导、强化政府责任、推动社会协同、增强法治保障方面实现对技术安全风险的长效治理,以期为服务国家治理体系和能力现代化建设提供参考。

In the era of big data,the development of generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT contains opportunities for technological revolution and may also bring potential social risks.In order to encourage the innovative development of generative artificial intelligence technology and avoid the security risks it brings,it is necessary to actively propose and construct security risk prevention strategies for GAI technology.The article takes contemporary emerging generative artificial intelligence technology as the research object,follows the paradigm of systematic literature review,explains the connotation and operating mechanism of generative artificial intelligence technology,and further proposes that the security risks of generative artificial intelligence technology can be summarized as ideological risks,social security risks,government construction and governance risks,and political security risks.This type of classification not only confirms the comprehensive social impact of the technology,but also reveals the internal mechanism of risk generation.On this basis,the reasons for the security risks of generative artificial intelligence technology were examined,mainly including:algorithm reinforcement of human bias,the rise of algorithm hegemony,the inversion of humanmachine relationships,and human self questioning.In order to build a responsible and forwardlooking generative artificial intelligence technology security risk prevention strategy,we should adhere to strengthening the leadership of the Party,strengthening government responsibility,promoting social coordination,and enhancing legal protection to achieve long-term governance of technology security risks,in order to provide reference for serving the modernization of the national governance system and capacity.