我国对外制裁法的国际法合法性构建

Study on the International Legality of China's External Sanctions

无论是应对外国制裁的反制裁措施,还是主动的制裁措施,都属于国际法上的单边制裁。对单边制裁国际法合法性的判断,建立在对典型单边制裁措施的梳理以及对国际法规范的阐明之上,尤其是对例外条款和反措施条款的解释,并最终落脚于个案分析。目前,我国对外制裁体系在国际法合法性建设方面还有待加强,一方面应进一步实体法上的制裁目的、制裁对象、制裁类型和制裁程度的相关规定,另一方面应明确程序法上的争端解决程序、履行通报磋商义务以及措施调整义务。为发挥我国外交政策在国际社会中的示范效用,国际法合法性的提升应该被作为对外制裁体系建设的重要目标,《反外国制裁法》实体和程序规范的完善,是实现该目标的具体途径。

Both counter-sanctions in response to foreign sanctions and active sanctions are unilateral sanctions under international law.The judgment on the in-ternational legality of unilateral sanctions is based on the sorting out of typical unilateral sanctions measures and the elucidation of international law norms,espe-cially the exception clauses and countermeasure clauses,and ultimately settles on the analysis of individual cases.At present,China's foreign sanctions still needs to be strengthened in terms of international legality,which is reflected in the perfection and refinement of the type,target,purpose and extent of sanctions in substantive level on one hand,and the specification of the dispute settlement procedures,the obligation to notify and consult,and the obligation to adjust measures in procedural level on the other.In order to give play to the exemplary effect of China's foreign policy in the international community,the enhancement of international legality should be an important goal in the foreign sanctions.The improvement of the substantive and procedural norms of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions rules is a concrete way to achieve this goal.