司法决策的合法性以尚俊俊“被结婚”案为例

Legitimacy of Judicial Decision-Making Perspectives from the Shang Junjun Case

南通法院审理的尚俊俊被人冒名登记结婚案,被视为实质性化解纠纷的成功案例,但同样应当经受合法性的检验。复盘该案可以发现,法院要想帮尚俊俊解开死结,从方案到理由均存在多个选项,但受法条、学说、先例、后果考量的约束,各选项既不是任意的也不是唯一的。行政行为无效理论不是法院突破法定最长起诉期限的适当理由,无漏洞的权利救济也许是更好的理由;判决确认冒名登记行为无效不是解除尚俊俊困境的最好方式,确认尚俊俊与第三人不成立婚姻关系应是更好的方式。对尚俊俊来说,理论上最好的救济途径是向河南当地法院起诉当地民政局,要求办理结婚登记;但对南通法院来说,受理尚俊俊要求撤销冒名结婚登记的诉讼不失为合理选择。司法决策的合法性不是有无的问题,而是多少的问题,法院的任务不过是选择其中最好的一种。法律教义学和法律现实主义在案例分析中都存在视角盲区。

He Haibo;This article takes the case of Shang Junjun as an example to explore the legitimacy of judicial decision-making in complex situations.Ms.Shang Junjun from Henan Province encountered seemingly insurmountable legal obstacles when applying for marriage registration because her name had been falsely registered by unknow persons in different provinces more than 10 years before.Her request to revoke the false registrations was denied by the registration agency,and her lawsuit against the registration agency exceeded the maximum limitation of 5 years prescribed by the law.The courts in Nantong of Jiangsu province and in other places finally helped her out of this deadlock.Reviewing the case,it can be found that the courts have multiple options to deal with the case.Each option is constrained by legal provisions,doctrines,precedents and consequences,and its choice is neither“the only one”nor“any one”.The legitimacy of judicial decision-making is not a matter of yes or no,but of how much.The task of the court is simply to choose the best one under specific circumstances.Both legal doctrinism and legal realism have blind spots in case studies.