纯粹行政犯的划定及非罪化路径分析

The Delimitation of Pure Administrative Crime and Analysis of the Path towards Decriminalization

法定犯与行政犯是交错关系而非包含与被包含关系,“不属于法定犯的行政犯”即“纯粹行政犯”存在不同于自然犯与法定犯的独特之处。在保护法益方面,该类犯罪专门或主要以秩序法益作为保护对象;在可罚违法性方面,该类犯罪因可罚违法性的量的缺失或质的不足而阻却违法;在违法性认识可能性方面,适用于该类犯罪的是可罚刑法认识说。在立法层面,应当将纯粹保护秩序法益的犯罪类型从刑法中剔除;在司法层面,合理运用保护法益、可罚违法性以及可罚刑法认识说,可以更好地克服经济刑法中的新工具主义倾向。

The relationship between legal crime and administrative crime is one of overlap rather than inclusion.Administrative crime that does not belong to legal crime is a kind of pure administrative crime,which has unique features different from natural and legal crime.Regarding the protection of legal interests,this kind of crime specializes in or mainly takes the order of legal interests as the object of protection.Regarding culpable illegality,the law will intervene in this kind of crime due to the lack of quantity or insufficient quality of punishable illegality.Regarding the possibility of illegal cognition,the theory of culpable understanding of criminal law applies to this kind of crime.At the legislative level,the prohibited types of crimes that solely protect the legal interests of the state order should be removed from the criminal law.At the judicial level,the reasonable use of the theory of protection of legal interests,culpable illegality and culpable criminal cognition can effectively overcome the new instrumental trend in economic criminal law.