多功能植物油基增塑剂制备及增塑PVC研究进展

Research progress in preparation and application of multifunctional vegetable oil-based plasticizers in PVC

植物油基增塑剂因具有原料来源广、结构可调、增塑性能优良、无毒和可生物降解等优点,被认为是最具应用前景的生物基环保增塑剂。然而,植物油基增塑剂结构中长链烷基比例过高,导致其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)相容性较差,通常作为辅助增塑剂使用,应用价值未得到有力彰显。近年来,国内外学者对植物油基增塑结构进行化学改性,开发了系列多功能植物油基增塑剂(如增容、耐热、阻燃、耐迁移等),实现了植物油基增塑剂的“提质增效”。该文从植物油分子结构设计出发,通过分子模拟、微观和宏观分析手段相结合的方式对植物油基增塑剂的改性研究进行归纳、分析和总结,建立了增塑剂结构和增塑后PVC制品性能的“构效”关系,旨在为高性能、多功能植物油基增塑剂的结构设计和工业化生产提供理论依据。

Vegetable oil-based plasticizers are regarded as the most promising bio-based environmentally friendly plasticizers owing to their wide resources,adjustable structure,excellent plasticity,non-toxicity and biodegradability.However,the high proportion of long chain alkyl groups in the structure of vegetable oil-based plasticizers results in their poor compatibility with polyvinyl chloride(PVC),which makes the plasticizers usually used as auxiliary plasticizer and their application value not fully demonstrated.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars have chemically modified the vegetable oil-based plasticizer'structures and developed a series of multifunctional vegetable oil-based plasticizers(such as compatibilization,heat tolerance,flame retardant,suppressed migration,etc.)to achieve the"quality and efficiency improvement"for vegetable oil-based plasticizers.Herein,starting with the molecular structure design of vegetable oil,the modification research on vegetable oil-based plasticizers was summarized,analyzed and discussed via molecular simulation as well as combination of micro and macro analysis.Meanwhile,the"structure-activity"relationship between the structure of plasticizer and the performance of plasticized PVC products was also established,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and industrial production of high-performance and multi-functional vegetable oil-based plasticizers.