宋代别集中的杂文、杂著与宋人的自我知识结构认知

The Essays and the Miscellaneous Books in the Collected Works of the Song Dynasty:the Song ScholarsS'elf-Cognition of Knowledge Structure

宋代别集中的杂文、杂著从唐代古文家的杂文写作继承发展而来,有着丰富的知识史信息。以杂文所收的书后体题跋为媒介,宋人将艺文类题跋一并纳入别集,最终使其独立为重要的别集类目,展现了艺文类知识获得士人认可的完整过程。同样地,杂文体类的涉俗传统也使宋人得以将类型丰富的俗务写作纳入别集,并由此零散呈现自我已然积累丰厚的世俗知识。伴随着知识类型的极度扩张,南宋别集相应地出现了规整雅俗知识的现象。馆阁翰苑型士人与道学型士人围绕“说解辨原”之文给出了不同的规整方案,是“周程、欧苏之裂”的重要反映。对于宋代杂文的知识史考察与相关结论同样适用于宋代笔记,从中可见宋代笔记在杂史、小说之外,亦有着来自集部的渊源。

The essays(杂文)and the miscellaneous books(杂著)in the collected works(别集)of the Song Dynasty were inherited and developed from the essay-writing tradition of the ancient-style prose writers of the Tang Dynasty.They were abundant in the information of knowledge history(知识史).Through the medium of the book prefaces and postscripts(题跋)contained in the essays,the Song scholars incorporated the prefaces and postscripts of the art and literary category(艺文类)into the collected works,and finally turned the art and literary category into an independent and important category in the collected works,showing the whole process in which art and literary knowledge was recognized by scholars.Likewise,the folk tradition of the essay style also made the Song scholars include the rich categories of writings on worldly affairs in their collected works,thus presenting their abundant self-accumulated worldly knowledge in a scattered way.Accompanied by the extreme expansion of knowledge categories,there correspondingly emerged a phenomenon of regularizing refined and vulgar knowledge in the collected works of the Southern Song Dynasty.The scholars from the academies and institutes(馆阁翰苑)and the Neo-Confucianist scholars offered different regularizing schemes around the explanatory and origin-identifying(说解辩原)essays,which was an important reflection of"the division between Zhou Dunyi(周敦颐),Cheng Hao(程颢)and Cheng Yi(程颐)on the one side,and Ouyang Xiu(欧阳修),Su Shi(苏轼)and SuZhe(苏辙)on the other side(周程、欧苏之裂).The study of the knowledge history of Song essays and its related conclusions are also applicable to the sketches(笔记)of the Song Dynasty,from which it can be seen that the Song sketches also had their origins from the literary works(集部),besides miscellaneous history books(杂史)and novels.