缘起与意义:论雷蒙·威廉斯的易卜生批评

Origin and Significance:Raymond Williams’Criticism on Henrik Ibsen

易卜生批评是英国马克思主义思想家雷蒙·威廉斯戏剧批评的最初起点,也是其思想形成的萌发之地。威廉斯极为重视易卜生戏剧,这既与易卜生被认为是第一流的悲剧作家有关,也与易卜生戏剧表达的主题意蕴契合威廉斯在战后的深层情感结构有关。威廉斯首次将实用批评模式运用于易卜生戏剧的解读,不仅拓宽了实用批评的适用范围,检验了它的有效性,推动了英国文学研究,还首次实现了个人政治立场与学术研究的初步结合,为文化唯物主义思想的生成提供了孕育之地。

The criticism on Henrik Ibsen is the initial starting point of the dramatic criticism of the British Marxist thinker Raymond Williams,and also the birthplace of his ideological formation.Williams attaches great importance to Ibsen’s plays.This is not only because Ibsen is considered as a first-class tragedian,but also the thematic meaning conveyed by Ibsen’s plays aligns with Williams’deep emotional structure after the war.Williams applies the mode of practical criticism to the interpretation of Ibsen’s plays for the first time,which not only broadens the scope of application of practical criticism,tests its effectiveness,promotes the studies of British literature,but also realizes the initial combination of personal political position and academic research for the first time,and provides a breeding ground for the generation of cultural materialism.