喀斯特地区蓝莓主栽品种花青素的抗氧化活性分析

Analysis on Antioxidant of Anthocyanins in Main Blueberry Varieties in Karst Area

为探究喀斯特地区主栽蓝莓品种的花青素含量及其抗氧化活性间的相关性,鉴选喀斯特地区高花青素蓝莓品种,本研究以贵州省的5个主栽蓝莓品种(“夏普蓝”“灿烂”“巴尔德温”“粉蓝”“莱克西”)为研究对象,跟踪检测各品种果实5个发育时期(幼果期、白果期、转色期、紫果期和成熟期)的花青素、Vc含量及抗氧化活性指标的变化情况,采用隶属函数分析法进行综合评价。结果表明,5个主栽蓝莓品种果实的花青素含量、总还原能力、总抗氧化活性及自由基(DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基、O_(2)^(·-)自由基、ABTS·自由基)清除率均随果实发育期的增长呈逐渐增长的变化趋势;其中,成熟期“夏普蓝”花青素的含量最高,为3.67 mg/g;成熟期“灿烂”的花青素含量仅次于“夏普蓝”,其总还原力、总抗氧化活性及对DPPH·自由基和·OH自由基的清除率最高,分别为0.70μg/mL、75.94μg/mL、98%、96%;此外,成熟期“夏普蓝”和“灿烂”果实中花青素对ABTS·自由基清除率最强,均为91%;“莱克西”成熟期花青素的O_(2)^(·-)自由基清除率最高,为85%。各蓝莓品种间Vc含量差异较大,整体随果实发育进程呈“N”字型变化,成熟期“夏普蓝”Vc含量最高,为17.25mg/100 g,“粉蓝”最低,为11.86 mg/100 g。5个蓝莓品种抗氧化活性的隶属函数分析结果表明,“灿烂”花青素的抗氧化活性排第一。综上,“夏普蓝”成熟期花青素和Vc含量最高,“灿烂”花青素的抗氧化活性最优,因此“夏普蓝”和“灿烂”都较适合作为喀斯特地区精深加工推广种植品种。

In order to explore the correlation between anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of the main blueberry varieties in karst areas,this study took 5 main blueberry varieties('Sharpblue','Brightwell','Baldwin','powderblue'and'Legacy')in Guizhou Province with typical karst landforms as research objects,and the changes of anthocyanin,Vc content and antioxidant activity index of 5 fruit development stages of each variety(young fruit stage,ginkgo stage,color turning stage,color turning stage,etc.)were tracked and detected,which were comprehensively evaluated by membership function analysis,in order to identify and select high-anthocyanin blueberry varieties in karst area.The results showed that the anthocyanin content,total reducing capacity,total antioxidant activity and free radical(DPPH·free radical,·OH radical,O_(2)^(·-)free radical,ABTS·free radical)scavenging rate of 5 main cultivars of blueberry showed a gradual increasing trend with the growth of fruit development stage.Among them,the anthocyanin content of'Sharpblue'at maturity was the highest,which was 3.67 mg/g.The anthocyanin content of'Brightwell'at maturity stage was second only to'Sharpblue',its total reducing power,total antioxidant activity and the ability to DPPH·free radical and·OH free radical had the highest clearance rates were 0.70μg/mL,75.94μg/mL,98%and 96%,respectively.In addition,the scavenging rate of anthocyanins to ABTS·free radical was the highest in'Sharpblue'and'Brightwell'fruits,both of which were 91%.The O_(2)^(·-)free radical scavenging rate of anthocyanins in'Legacy'at maturity was the highest(85%).Vc content was significantly different among blueberry varieties,and showed an'N'shape change with fruit development.'Sharpblue'had the highest Vc content of 17.25 mg/100 g and'Pink Blue'had the lowest Vc content of 11.86 mg/100 g at the ripening stage.The results of membership function analysis of antioxidant activity of 5 blueberry varieties showed that the antioxidant activity of'Brightwell'anthocyanins ranked first.In summary,'Sharpblue'had the highest anthocyanin and Vc content at maturity,and'Brightwell'anthocyanin had the best antioxidant activity.Therefore,'Sharpblue'and'Brightwell'were both suitable as planting varieties for intensive processing and promotion in karst area.