基于BIM技术的建筑火灾模拟人员疏散分析

Analysis of Personnel Evacuation in Building Fire Simulation Based on BIM Technology

如今高层建筑层出不穷,但也带来了诸多的安全隐患,例如人员的密集性,消防设施的老化等问题,都增大了火灾隐患,一旦疏忽发生火灾,都会造成不可估量的损失。同时建筑内部的复杂性,也为人员疏散造成了极大困难,所以了解建筑火灾危害,提前建立合理的疏散通道尤为重要。本文以天津大学高科技楼为研究对象,基于BIM技术与Pyrosim相结合,采用数值模拟与可视化分析的研究方法,建立火灾场景模型,添加所需的烟雾探测器、温度场及能见度切片视图等信息,对该建筑进行综合分析,得出火灾发生时烟气浓度、温度、CO含量和能见度对人员疏散的影响及合理的疏散时间和疏散通道,确定BIM技术在高层建筑火灾模型中的使用价值,为火灾现场应急指挥、人员疏散提供重要指导意义。

Nowadays,high-rise buildings are emerging one after another,which also brings safety hazards,such as personnel density and aging of fire protection facilities possibly leading to fire hazards.Once a fire occurs carelessly,it will cause incalculable losses.Moreover,the complexity of the interior of buildings also poses great difficulties for personnel evacuation,hence it is particularly important to understand the hazards of building fires and establish reasonable evacuation routes in advance.This paper takes the high-tech building of Tianjin University as the research object.Based on BIM(Building Information Model)technology and Pyrosim,numerical simulation and visual analysis methods are used to establish a fire scene model.The required smoke detectors,temperature fields,visibility slice views,and other information are added to comprehensively analyze the building to obtain the data of smoke concentration,temperature,and the impact of CO content and visibility on personnel evacuation,as well as the reasonable evacuation time and evacuation routes.The functions above determine the value of BIM technology in high-rise building fire models,and provide important guidance for emergency command and personnel evacuation on fire sites.