独居老人居住空间适老化改造设计

Elderly Friendly Interior Renovation Design for Living-alone Elderly

随着我国老龄化程度不断加深,独居老人的比例也在增加。与和配偶、子女生活在一起的老年人相比,独居老人更易出现孤独、抑郁和焦虑等消极情绪,因此需要在充分了解独居老人的个体差异、起居习惯和心理特征的基础上进行适老化家具设计,从而使老人得到生理和心理上的双重关怀。以一位女性独居老人的住所为例,通过与老人谈心了解其身体情况、心理特征、生活习惯和兴趣爱好等,并通过实地勘测分析室内存在的问题,以适老化改造原则和人体工程学原理为依据,充分考虑老人的人体尺寸、安全操作范围和收纳需求等对玄关、客厅、卧室、厨房和厕所这5个主要起居空间进行定制化的改造设计。客厅是老人日间活动时间最长的且承载兴趣爱好的空间,设计了方便老人照顾花草的阶梯柜和盆栽架。此外,还在老人频繁活动空间和通道上做了“紧急呼救按钮”和安全扶手等安全保护措施。改造后的居住空间兼顾了老人的生理和心理需求,为老人打造安享晚年的幸福港湾。

Along with the increasingly aging society in China,the proportion of the solitary elderly is also increasing,who are more likely to experience negative emotions such as loneliness,depression,and anxiety than those living with their spouse and children.Therefore,we need to fully understand the individual differences,living habits,and psycho‐logical characteristics of the solitary elderly before elderly friendly furniture design so that the elderly can get both physi‐cal and psychological care.Taking the living space of an older woman living alone as an example,the physical condi‐tions,psychological characteristics,living habits,and hobbies were discovered through face-to-face conversations.Problems existing in furniture facilities were summarized through the field survey.Then,based on the principle of furni‐ture design for the elderly and ergonomics,a customized elderly friendly design was carried out for the elderly.The inte‐rior and furniture facilities of the entrance,living room,bedroom,kitchen,and toilet were mainly renovated by consid‐ering the human dimension,safe operation range,and storage needs of the elderly.The living room,as the space for the elderly to spend the longest time in the daytime and the place where her favorite plants were located,was equipped with ladder cabinets and potted shelves for the elderly to take good care of plants;In addition,safety protection measures for the elderly,such as emergency call button,safety handrails were also installed in the space where the elderly frequently accessed.As a result,both physiological and psychological needs of the elderly were considered in the revamped living space,and a happy harbor for the elderly to enjoy their life was created.