基于体感温度的广州60年冷暖度日特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of 60 Years of Degree⁃Day Measurements in Guangzhou Based on Apparent Temperature

基于1961—2020年长时间序列的广州国家站气温、相对湿度、风速等数据,提出一种新的基于体感温度(tg)的度日算法,并分析了度日的变化特征。结果表明:广州地区采暖度日(HDD)主要集中在11月—次年3月,多年变化呈显著下降趋势,平均每10年减少2.06 d;制冷度日(CDD)主要集中在4—10月,多年变化呈增加趋势,平均每10年增加2.02 d。进一步分析表明:基于体感温度的广州多年平均HDD为308.4℃·d,远低于重庆(1138.8℃·d)和北京(2922.6℃·d);基于体感温度的广州多年平均CDD为385.2℃·d,远大于华东地区(约160℃·d),说明广州在盛夏到秋季空调制冷的能源需求更高。基于体感温度的HDD和CDD日数比基于日平均气温的更高,其中制冷度日差值更突出,故在广州地区研究其夏季制冷的问题上,应更关注湿热、闷热等湿度因素及静风等带来的人体不适,且基于体感温度的度日对冬暖夏热地区的制冷/采暖的能耗的适用性更好。

Based on the long time series of air temperature,relative humidity and wind speed data for a national meteorological observation station in Guangzhou from 1961 to 2020,this work proposes a new algo⁃rithm for determining degree⁃day measurements based on apparent temperature(tg)and analyzes their varia⁃tions.The temperature⁃day measurement is defined as the deviation of daily mean temperature from a preset base temperature.The results are shown as follows.For the area of Guangzhou,heating degree⁃day(HDD)occurs mainly from November to the following March,which decreases significantly over the years at an aver⁃age rate of 2.06 d every ten years,and cooling degree⁃day(CDD)happens mainly from April to October,which tends to increase over the years at a rate of 2.02 d every ten years.Further analysis of this apparent temperature based measurement for Guangzhou shows that its multi⁃year mean of HDD is 308.4℃·d,much lower that of Chongqing(1138.8℃·d)and Beijing(2922.6℃·d),and its multi⁃year mean of CDD is 385.2℃·d,much higher than that of east China(about 160℃·d).It suggests that it needs more energy to cool via air conditioning from the prime summer to autumn in Guangzhou.As the apparent temperature based numbers of HDD and CDD days are larger than those based on daily mean temperature and the difference in CDD is much more significant,it is then suggested that as far as summertime cooling in the metropolitan is concerned,more attention should be paid to the discomfort brought about to the human body due to damp and sultry heat as well as windless conditions,and the apparent temperature based degree⁃day measurement is more suitable to deal with energy adaptability in areas where the winter is relatively warm and the summer is relatively hot.