城市生活垃圾分类的实践困境及其优化路径

The Practical Dilemma of Municipal Solid Waste Classification and Its Optimization Path

城市生活垃圾分类已是破解“垃圾围城”和提升城市社会文明的重要举措,对垃圾减量化、资源再利用以及减少环境污染具有重要意义。文章基于武汉市近30年城市生活垃圾分类试点探索调查发现,尽管城市生活垃圾分类已进入强制分类时代,但其城市生活垃圾分类仍然存在体系运行不畅通、强制政策难以有效落地以及社区居民行动意识匮乏等实践困境。因此,完善垃圾分类运行体系,逐步推进源头垃圾分类;细化垃圾分类政策内容,丰富垃圾分类管理手段;发挥社会文明引领作用,提高居民自愿分类动力;真正构建科学推进城市生活垃圾分类的优化路径。

The classification of municipal solid waste has been an important measure to break the“garbage siege”and improve the social civilization of the city.It is of great significance to waste reduction,resource reuse and environmental pollution reduction.Based on the nearly 30 years of pilot exploration and investigation of municipal solid waste classification in Wuhan,this paper finds that although the classification of municipal solid waste has entered a forced classification state,there are still practical difficulties such as the poor operation of the system,the difficulty of effective implementation of mandatory policies,and the lack of action awareness of community residents.Therefore,it is proposed to improve the garbage classification operation system and gradually promote the source garbage classification;refine the content of garbage classification policies and enrich the means of garbage classification management;Play the leading role of social civilization to improve the motivation of residents to voluntarily classify;Truly build an optimization path to scientifically promote the classification of municipal domestic waste.