对执法和解构建中行政权不可处分的质疑与回应

Questioning and Responding to Non-disposability of Administrative Power in the Construction of Law Enforcement and Reconciliation

“行政执法和解”制度仅在证券、反倾销、反垄断领域有所规定,但事实上行政执法和解已成为实践中的普遍情况。行政争议审前和解中心的不断建立、“和解协议”超出法定领域的广泛使用,反映着行政执法各个领域对行政执法和解有着强烈的现实需要。须突破行政执法和解的领域束缚,建立通行“行政执法和解”制度,在行政执法中增加和解程序作为解决行政争议的手段。在行政法中,“行政执法和解”制度广泛适用的主要障碍是“行政权不可处分性”,究其本质,是公法对私法的排斥。追溯公法与私法的产生和发展,两者并非全然不可融,“行政权不可处分”的优化演进为“行政执法和解”制度的广泛适用创造条件。

The system of“administrative law enforcement and reconciliation”is only stipulated in the fields of securities,anti-dumping and anti-monopoly,but in fact it has become a common situation in practice.The continuous establishment of pretrial settlement centers for administrative disputes and the widespread use of“settlement agreement”beyond the legal field reflect the strong realistic need for administrative law enforcement and reconciliation in all fields of administrative law enforcement.It is necessary to break the field bondage of administrative law enforcement and reconciliation,establish the common system of“administrative law enforcement and reconciliation”,and add the reconciliation procedure as a means to solve administrative disputes in administrative law enforcement.In administrative law,the main obstacle to the widespread application of the system of“administrative law enforcement and reconciliation”is“the non-disposability of administrative power”.In essence,it is the rejection of public law to private law.Dating back to the emergence and development of public law and private law,we find that the two are not completely incompatible.The optimization and evolution of“the non-disposability of administrative power”create conditions for the widespread application of the system.