考虑风浪影响下的船舶节能航线优化

Energy-efficient Ship Route Optimization Considering Wind and Wave Impacts

随着世界能源危机的加剧,节能减排已成为当今时代的重要课题。原油贸易对国民经济的发展至关重要,航运是原油的主要运输方式。其中,VLCC船(Very Large Crude Carrier)应用广泛,但VLCC船体型庞大,容易受到以风浪为首的气象条件影响。本文考虑气象环境、安全转角、时间约束和避障等因素限制,以总油耗最小为目标,构建两种VLCC节能航线优化模型,并设计基于人工势场原理的改进蚁群算法进行求解。通过算例实验发现,本文提出的方法能有效降低油耗。此外,通过对比不同预计到达时间约束下的油耗发现,放宽船舶预计到达时间可以有效降低油耗,但当船舶预计到达时间放宽到一定程度时,油耗降低程度较小。因此,在实际的营运过程中,船公司需要基于实际场景,并权衡船舶油耗和预计到达时间制定方案,以实现节能减排的目标。

As the global energy crisis intensifies,energy conservation and emission reduction have become important issues in the present era.Crude oil trade is crucial for the development of national economy,with shipping being the primary mode of transportation for crude oil.Very Large Crude Carriers(VLCC)have been widely used for the crude oil transportation.Due to the size of the vessels,VLCC are often affected by the weather conditions,particularly wind and waves.This paper developed two optimization models for VLCC energy-saving routes with the objective of minimizing total fuel consumption.The models consider limitations of meteorological environment,safety margins,time constraints,and obstacle avoidance.An improved ant colony algorithm is proposed to solve the models based on the principle of artificial potential fields.The computational experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively reduces fuel consumption for the VLCC.By comparing the fuel consumption under different estimated arrival time,it was found that relaxing the estimated arrival time of vessels can effectively reduce fuel consumption.However,when the estimated arrival time was adjusted to a certain extent,the reduction in fuel consumption became minimal.Therefore,in actual operational processes,shipping companies need to consider the actual operations and balance vessel fuel consumption with estimated arrival time to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction goals.