谷氨酸递质电化学检测技术的研究与应用进展

Research Advances in Electrochemical Technology for Monitoring of Glutamate in the Central Nerve System

过量谷氨酸所致神经兴奋毒性是脑卒中等严重神经系统疾病中脑细胞损伤的主要原因。电化学技术是当前研究中枢神经系统谷氨酸递质的重要检测手段,可对病灶内神经兴奋毒性的特性、程度等进行快速准确的检测评估。因此,谷氨酸传感器的研究与应用对制定更为全面的治疗方案、脑保护策略以及研发新药等都具有重要意义。基于纳米技术、新型生物酶、光刻与印刷技术、晶体管技术的发展,电化学检测谷氨酸技术与应用也得到了大力推动。该文对适用于中枢神经系统谷氨酸检测的电化学传感器的检测原理、传感器设计与制备工艺及其应用等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。

The excessive glutamate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity has been widely thought as the main cause of brain cell damage in severe neurological diseases(such as ischemic stroke).Electrochemical technology is the most commonly used tool for glutamate monitoring at present.It could be applied to provide rapid and accurate assessment of the neuroexcitotoxicity for patients and animal disease models.Research advances in glutamate sensors will be important in establishing efficient therapies and brain protection strategy,and developing new drugs for severe neurological diseases.Application of nanotechnology,new enzymes,photolithography,printing,transistor technology in fabrication of glutamate sensors have greatly boosted developments in electrochemical monitoring of glutamate.In the present paper,research progress of sensing principles,design and preparation technology as well as the applications in medical studies have been reviewed,and future trends and prospective have also been discussed.