阳泉市博物馆藏砂器EDXRF分析

EDXRF Analysis of Sandware in Yangquan Museum

砂器的成分和加工工艺决定了其性能和质量,对古代砂器的检测可以反映原料来源,成分变化及制作方法。以山西省阳泉市博物馆藏16件元—民国各个时期砂器为研究对象,采用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)进行测试。发现砂器胎中Al2O3含量在15.24%~25.99%之间,SiO2含量在55.99%~67.5%之间,基本符合北方瓷器高铝低硅的成分特征,结合当地黏土成分可知采用了当地原料制胎。从元代、清代到中华民国,随着时代的变化,砂器胎中Al2O3呈下降趋势,碱土金属氧化物含量由元代到明代的上升之后,清代与民国均呈下降趋势。这一现象一方面体现了技术的成熟,另一方面也是选料不精造成的结果。砂器表面的类釉物质是由胎体渗出的物质和表面涂抹的“黄土”相结合在还原过程中形成的。

The composition and processing technology of sandware determine its performance and quality,and the testing of ancient sandware can reflect the source of raw materials,changes in composition,and production methods.Taking 16 pieces of sand wares collected by Yangquan Museum in various periods from the Yuan Dynasty to the Republic of China as research objects,the portable X-ray fluorescence(EDXRF)was used to test them.It was found that the Al2O3 content in the sand ware tire was between 15.24%and 25.99%,and the SiO2 content was between 55.99%and 67.50%,which basically conforms to the composition characteristics of high aluminum and low silicon in northern porcelain.Based on the local clay composition,it can be inferred that the tire was made using local raw materials.From the Yuan Dynasty,Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,with the changes of the times,Al2O3 in sand vessels showed a downward trend,and the content of alkaline earth metal oxides increased from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty.After that,both the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China showed a downward trend.This phenomenon reflects not only the maturity of technology,but also the result of poor material selection.The glaze like substance on the surface of sandware is formed by the combination of substances exuded from the matrix and the"loess"applied on the surface during the reduction process.