不同生长调节剂处理对‘龙丰’苹果生长、品质及产量的影响

Effects of Different Growth Regulators on the Growth,Quality and Yield of‘Longfeng’Apple

为提高‘龙丰’苹果的品质和产量,以‘龙丰’苹果为试验材料,设置了5个具有代表性的生长调节剂处理,分别为优得列(T1)、瑞思佳(T2)、苄氨·赤霉酸(T3)、24-表芸苔素内脂(T4)、含氨基酸的水溶肥料(T5),以喷施清水为对照(CK),在花蕾期、幼果期、果实膨大期各喷1次,调查不同处理下苹果生长指标、品质指标、产量及综合评价得分,研究不同生长调节剂处理对苹果树生长及果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明,T2、T3、T4和T5均能促进苹果叶片干重、鲜重和新梢粗度的增加,T2和T4促进了苹果叶片新梢长度的生长,T1对新梢的长度和粗度的增加均有一定作用;5种生长调节剂处理均能增加‘龙丰’苹果的果实大小,但与对照相比均未达到显著水平;各处理均提高了‘龙丰’苹果果实VC含量,T1、T4和T5提高了pH和固酸比,降低了可滴定酸含量,T1、T2、T3和T5提高了可溶性固形物含量,T2处理的pH也显著提高,各处理中仅有T1增加了糖酸比,T3增加了可溶性糖含量,T5增加了硬度;5种药剂处理后‘龙丰’苹果的单株产量均高于对照,其中T2、T4和T5处理显著高于对照,T1和T3的单株产量虽高于对照,但无显著差异;主成分分析和综合评价分析结果表明,T1处理的表现最好,其次是T4。综上所述,各生长调节剂处理均不同程度地促进了‘龙丰’苹果树的生长,增加了苹果的果实大小,提高了果实的品质,增加了‘龙丰’苹果的单株产量。

In order to improve the quality and yield of‘Longfeng’apples,with‘Longfeng’apple as the experimental material,five representative growth regulators treatments were set up,which were Youdeli(T1),Ruisijia(T2),Benzamine Gibberellic Acid(T3),24-epibrassinolide lactone(T4),and amino acid containing water-soluble fertilizer(T5),and sprayed with clear water as the contrast(CK),spray once at the bud stage,young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage respectively to study the effects of different chemical treatments on the growth of apple trees and fruit quality and yield,so as to provide basis for improving the quality and yield of‘Longfeng’apples.The results showed that,T2,T3,T4 and T5 all promoted the increase of leaf dry weight,fresh weight and new shoot thickness,T2 and T4 promoted the extension of new shoot length,and T1 had a certain effect on the increase of new shoot length and diameter.The fruit size of‘Longfeng’apple could be increased by five treatments,but none of them reached significant level;All treatments increased the VC content of‘Longfeng’apple fruit,T1,T4 and T5 increased the pH and solid acid ratio,decreased the titratable acid content,T1,T2,T3 and T5 increased the content of soluble solids,and T2 treatment also significantly increased the pH,only T1 increased the sugar acid ratio,T3 increased the content of soluble sugar,T5 increased the hardness.The yield per plant of‘Longfeng’apple treated with five treatments were higher than that of the control,among which T2,T4 and T5 treatments were significantly higher than the control.Although the yield per plant of T1 and T3 were higher than that of the control,but there was no significant difference.The results of principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation analysis showed that T1 was the best,followed by T4.To sum up,each treatment had promoted the growth of‘Longfeng’apple tree in varying degrees,increased the fruit size of apple,improved the quality of fruit,and increased the yield of‘Longfeng’apple per plant.