黑土地利用现状、存在问题及保护策略

Current Situation,Existing Problems and Protection Strategies of Black Land Utilization

黑土是我国粮食生产的“稳压器”和“压舱石”,为保障国家粮食安全提供了重要支撑。为科学保护黑土地、提升黑土耕地质量,促进农业可持续发展,本文聚焦黑土地保护利用,明确黑土资源利用特征,分析了东北黑土“变薄、变瘦、变硬”的质量退化现状,从科学规划黑土地保护利用、实施黑土地保护工程、稳步推进黑土地保护立法工作3个方面梳理了黑土保护的政策方案和保护条例,从强化政府统筹和管理职能,强化资金和政策支持,强化科技支撑,强化宣传引导等方面提出建议。

Black soil is the"pressurizer"and"ballast stone"of grain production in China,which provides important support for ensuring national food security.In order to scientifically protect black soil,improve the quality of black soil arable land,and promote sustainable agricultural development,this paper focused on the protection and utilization of black soil,clarified the characteristics of black soil resource utilization,analyzed the quality degradation status of'thinning,thinning and hardening'of black soil in Northeast China,and sorted out the policy plans and protection regulations of black soil protection from three aspects,scientific planning of black soil protection and utilization,implementation of black soil protection project,and steady promotion of black soil protection legislation.Suggestions were put forward from the aspects of strengthening the government′s overall planning and management functions,strengthening financial and policy support,strengthening scientific and technological support,and strengthening publicity and guidance.