中国癌症患者生前预嘱研究现状及伦理思考

Research status and ethical considerations in living wills among cancer patients in China

2022年6月深圳首次在国内大陆出台生前预嘱相关法规,生前预嘱有利于减轻癌症患者痛苦,尊重其生命自主权、减少医疗资源浪费,但在逐年增多的癌症患者群体中推广实施仍处于困境。本文主要阐述了生前预嘱的概念、理论基础、国内外的发展进程;分析了我国癌症患者对生前预嘱的认知、实施、效果评价的研究现状及影响因素;最后从癌症患者、家庭、社会三个不同视角进行伦理思考,以期为我国癌症患者制定生前预嘱相关方案提供参考。

In June 2022,Shenzhen issued a local regulation for medical treatment,in which living wills are concerned for the first time in China.Living wills are conducive to relieving the pain of cancer patients,respecting their life autonomy and reducing the waste of medical resources.However,it is still very hard to promote and implement living wills in the population living with cancer,which was increasing year by year.In this article,we mainly elucidated the concept,theoretical basis and development process of living wills at home and abroad.We then analyzed the research status and influencing factors of the cognition,implementation and efficacy assessment of living wills in cancer patients in our country.Finally,we made ethical thinking about this issue from three different perspectives,that is,cancer patients,family and society,in order to provide reference for formulating related schemes of living wills in cancer patients.