论佩特罗尼乌斯《讽刺小说》中的释奴形象

On the Image of the Freedmen of Petronius Satyricon

释奴是古罗马历史上的一个特殊阶层。从共和国末期开始,释奴数量逐渐增加。富裕的释奴作为特殊的社会群体开始在罗马历史上发挥重要作用。长期以来,学界对罗马释奴群体的总体研究颇多,但对释奴群体的个案剖析还较少,还有待做更具体化的探研。而古罗马作家佩特罗尼乌斯的《讽刺小说》中的释奴形象塑造十分有特点,通过研究其中的释奴形象,结合古罗马史实可以发现:释奴是奴隶走向自由的关键一步,是古罗马社会流动性的重要表现;在业已成为自由民的释奴群体内部,出现了政治地位、经济实力、文化素养等不同方向和层次的分化;因从事工商业而暴富的释奴面临着社会地位和经济地位不同的窘境,最终成为文学史上的滑稽角色。

Freedmen had been a special class in the history of Rome.Since the late republic,the team of freedmen had been growing,and rich freedmen as a special group in freedmen began to play an important role in the history of Rome.For a long time,there have been a lot of researches on the group of the freedmen in Rome,but the analysis of individual cases of the freedmen is less,and more specific research needs to be done.In Satyricon,the image of the freedmen is characteristic on Petronius writings.Through my studying with the historical facts in ancient Rome,it is found that to be one freedman is the key for a slave to be free,which is an important manifestation of social mobility in ancient Rome.Within the group of freedmen,there existed different directions and levels of differentiation,such as political status,economic strength and cultural accomplishment.The freedmen who became rich because they were engaged in handicraft industry and commerce faced the dilemma where their wealth didn t bring them high social status,and they eventually became the comic characters in the history of literature.