联合国教科文组织术语政策的发展、特点和趋势

Developments,Characteristics and Trends of UNESCO Terminology Policy

联合国教科文组织是当今世界最重要的国际科学技术组织,自成立之初就认识到术语的重要性,积极支持术语学活动。从术语政策文件和术语工作机构来考察,其术语政策的发展历史可分为探索期(20世纪50~60年代)、发展期(20世纪70~80年代)和完善期(20世纪90年代至今)3个阶段,其间出台了一系列术语政策文件,成立了国际术语信息中心(Infoterm)和国际术语网(TermNet)等国际术语工作组织。回顾历史,联合国教科文组织术语政策具有逐步发展成熟、重视国际传播、重视术语工作机构建设、缺乏强制性等特点;展望未来,联合国教科文组织术语政策呈现系统化、常态化、专业化、深度国际化的发展趋势。在构建国家话语体系的背景下,中国需要在术语领域加强与联合国教科文组织的合作,如探索建立国际性术语机构或二类机构的可行性、推进术语国家标准及国际标准的制定、引导和加强术语政策研究等,推进中国术语事业高质量发展。

UNESCO is the most important international scientifi c and technological organization in the world today.Since its establishment,UNESCO has always valued terminology and actively supported terminology activities.An examination of the terminology policy documents and terminology working institutions shows that its terminology policy has evolved through three phases:the exploration period(1950s to 1960s),the development period(1970s to 1980s)and the refi nement period(1990s to present).Each phase is marked by diff erent terminology policy documents and international terminology working organizations such as Infoterm and TermNet.In view of its development history,UNESCO’s terminology policy is characterized by gradual progress,international collaboration and communication,establishment of terminology institutions,and non-enforcement in operations.For the future,UNESCO’s terminology policy shows a tendency of more systematization,normalization,specialization and in-depth internationalization.In the course of building national discourse system,China should strengthen cooperation with UNESCO in terminology such as establishing international or regional terminology institutions,developing and promoting national and international terminology standards,guiding and strengthening terminology policy research,in order to enhance the quality of Chinese terminology enterprise.