城市公共体育设施与人口分布的空间均衡性测度——基于上海市“社区15分钟健身圈”的实证研究

Spatial Balance of Urban Public Sports Facilities and Population Distribution:An Empirical Study Based on“15-Minute Community Fitness Circle”in Shanghai

按人口要素统筹公共体育设施的空间布局,提高公共体育设施的均衡性与可及性,实现“社区15分钟健身圈”的高质量全覆盖,是构建更高水平全民健身公共服务体系的必然要求。为精准识别城市公共体育设施与人口分布的空间失衡问题,完善公共体育设施的空间布局,构建了“城市公共体育设施与人口分布的空间均衡性”测度工具,并以上海市作为典型案例,进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)上海市整体“社区15分钟健身圈”的覆盖率较高,但供给充分的“社区15分钟健身圈”比例仍有提高的空间。(2)上海市“社区15分钟健身圈”的覆盖率呈现“中心高-边缘低”的特征,而供给充分的“社区15分钟健身圈”比例呈现出“中心低-边缘高”的特征。研究结果表明,上海市公共体育设施的空间配置存在以下问题:(1)总量不足导致中心城区供给充分的“社区15分钟健身圈”比例不高;(2)分布不均导致近郊区供给充分的“社区15分钟健身圈”比例不高;(3)“边界洼地效应”导致近郊区和远郊区部分地区“社区15分钟健身圈”供给缺失。研究建议:(1)升级改造现有设施,提高体育建设用地利用效率;(2)充分利用非体育用地拓展体育空间;(3)主动应对人口流动带来的需求冲击,在公共体育设施配置上保留“弹性”空间;(4)加强公共体育设施规划的顶层设计,避免协调不足导致“边界洼地效应”。

This study utilized a spatial balance measurement tool to evaluate the alignment between urban public sports facilities and population distribution.Focusing on Shanghai,the purpose was to refine the spatial arrangement of these facilities,improve their balanced distribution and accessibility so as to achieve widespread,high-quality coverage of the“15-Minute Community Fitness Circle”,contributing to the development of a sophisticated public fitness service system.The findings indicated that despite a high coverage rate of“15-Minute Community Fitness Circle”,the proportion of adequately supplied areas was not enough.The spatial distribution of coverage showed a“high central-low peripheral”pattern,in contrast to the“low central-high peripheral”pattern seen in adequately supplied areas.Problems included that limited supplies resulted in insufficient service in central urban areas.Uneven distribution led to deficiencies in peripheral and suburban regions.The“Boundary Depression Effect”caused service gaps in certain peripheral and suburban areas.Suggestions included upgrading existing facilities to increase land use efficiency for sports infrastructure,using non-sports land to create additional sporting areas,implementing flexible space management in public sports facilities to accommodate demographic changes and enhancing top-down planning for these facilities to address the“Boundary Depression Effect”.