小型往复式无油空压机的动平衡与振动分析

Dynamic Balance and Vibration Analysis of Small Reciprocating Oil Free Air Compressor

为改善小型往复式无油空压机因体积小、压力大,易产生的振动危害,提高安全性能,课题组对小型往复式无油空压机进行了动平衡研究。基于机构运动原理和热力学理论,分析了计算平衡惯性力和力矩所需要的转动惯量,并根据所需转动惯量和空压机空间限制,设计了一种合适的配质量块;随后,建立空压机动平衡有限元模型,对其进行运动学和动力学仿真,将平衡前后空压机总惯性力及曲轴振动力进行对比;最后,开展振动噪音试验,并与仿真结果进行了对照。结果表明:平衡后,空压机总惯性力和曲轴振动力明显减小,基频处的振动力也相应减小,试验测得的振动噪音降低了17.88%,验证了该配质量块优化设计方法的合理性。采用此方法,空压机振动得到有效改善,并为空压机平衡分析提供参考。

To improve the vibration hazard caused by small volume and high pressure in small reciprocating oil free air compressor,and improve safety performance,a study on the dynamic balance of a small reciprocating oil free air compressor was conducted.The moment of inertia required to calculate the balance of inertia force and moment was analyzed through the principle of mechanical motion and thermodynamic theory.And a counter mass block was designed according to the required moment of inertia and the space limitation of the air compressor.Subsequently,the finite element model of air compressor maneuvering balance was established,and the kinematics and dynamics simulation were carried out,and the total inertial force of the air compressor before and after balance and the vibration force of the crankshaft were compared.Finally,the vibration and noise test was carried out and compared with the simulation results.The results show that after balance,the total inertial force and crankshaft vibration force of the air compressor are significantly reduced,the vibration force at the fundamental frequency is also correspondingly reduced,and the vibration noise measured by the test is reduced by 17.88%,which verifies the rationality of the optimal design method of the mass block.Therefore,by adopting this method,the vibration of the air compressor is effectively improved,and it provides reference for the balance analysis of the air compressor.