有氧训练预防精神科住院患者呼吸道感染的作用及影响因素分析

Effect of Aerobic Training on Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection in Psychiatric Inpatients and Analysis of Influencing Factors

目的:研究有氧训练预防精神科住院患者呼吸道感染的作用,并对呼吸道感染的影响因素予以分析。方法:研究对象均是江西省荣军优抚医院精神科2019年1月—2022年1月接收的80例精神分裂症患者,以随机数字表法将其分为试验组及对照组,各40例。对照组实施心理干预,试验组则于心理干预的基础上增用有氧训练。比较两组呼吸道感染发生率及干预前后自知力、症状、认知、社会功能情况。此外,以单因素及多因素logistic回归分析精神科住院患者呼吸道感染的影响因素。结果:试验组呼吸道感染发生率为7.50%(3/40),较对照组的30.00%(12/40)更低(χ^(2)=6.646,P=0.010)。干预后,试验组自知力及治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)、韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS)及个人与社会表现量表(PSP)评分分别为(16.76±1.25)、(90.45±6.84)、(68.94±6.82)分,均高于对照组的(14.47±0.86)、(85.76±6.32)、(60.87±6.23)分,而阴性症状评定量表(SANS)评分为(48.42±3.10)分,低于对照组的(55.19±3.75)分(P<0.05)。单因素分析发现,感染组年龄≥60岁、抗精神病药物≥2种、合并基础疾病及未接受有氧训练占比均高于无感染组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:抗精神病药物≥2种、合并基础疾病及未接受有氧训练均是精神科住院患者呼吸道感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:有氧训练预防精神科住院患者呼吸道感染的效果较佳,有助于患者自知力、症状、认知及社会功能的改善。此外,抗精神病药物、基础疾病及有氧训练情况均为精神分裂症患者呼吸道感染的影响因素,应予以重点关注。

Objective:To study the effect of aerobic training on prevention of respiratory tract infection in psychiatric inpatients,and analyze the influencing factors of respiratory tract infection.Method:The study subjects were all 80 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the psychiatry Department of Jiangxi Provincial Ronjun Youfu Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022.They were divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The control group received psychological intervention,and the experimental group received aerobic training on the basis of psychological intervention.The incidence of respiratory tract infection,before and after intervention of insight,symptoms,cognition and social function were compared between the two groups.In addition,the influencing factors of respiratory tract infection in psychiatric inpatients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Result:The incidence of respiratory tract infection in experimental group was 7.50%(3/40),which was lower than 30.00%(12/40)in control group(X^(2)=6.646,P=0.010).After intervention,the scores of insight and treatment attitudes questionnaires(ITAQ),Wechsler adult intelligence scale(WAIS)and personal and social performance scale(PSP)of the experimental group respectively was(16.76±1.25),(90.45±6.84)and(68.94±6.82)scores,which were higher than(14.47±0.86),(85.76±6.32)and(60.87±6.23)scores of the control group,while the scale for assessment of negative symptoms(SANS)in experimental group was(48.42±3.10)scores,which was lower than(55.19±3.75)scores of the control group(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the proportions of age≥60 years old,antipsychotic drug≥2 kinds,complicated with underlying medical conditions and no aerobic training in the infected group were higher than those in the non-infected group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that antipsychotic drug≥2 kinds,complicated with underlying medical conditions and no aerobic training were all risk factors for respiratory Medical Innovation of China Vol.20,No.34 December,2023 tract infection in psychiatric inpatients(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of aerobic training on prevention of respiratory tract infection in psychiatric inpatients is better,which is helpful to the improvement of insight,symptoms,cognition and social function of patients.In addition,the status of antipsychotic drug,underlying medical conditions and aerobic training are influencing factors for respiratory tract infection in patients with schizophrenia,and should be paid attention to.