从多元走向一体化进程的样本——“秦并巴蜀”的历史意义

A Sample of the Process from Pluralism to Integration-The Historical Significance of“the Annexation of Ba-Shu by Qin”

公元前316年,秦国利用巴、蜀两国内斗,趁机出兵,并以势如破竹之势,打败蜀王所率之兵。秦灭蜀之后,又挥师灭巴,从而将巴蜀地区纳入秦国版图。秦并巴蜀事件在战国时期与其他灭国战争的意义有所不同,对中国历史的发展产生了重要的影响,关键在于为秦统一中国奠定了重要基础,成为秦灭六国之先声。战国时期,建立大一统多民族国家是历史发展的必然选择,一是中华大地的自然地理环境是推动大一统多民族国家建立的重要条件;二是大一统思想的孕育和形成构成了大一统多民族国家建立的思想基础,而政治、经济、文化的发展也推动统一国家的建立。秦并巴蜀,顺应了历史发展的大趋势,将中国西南地区整合到统一的版图之中,也促进了长江上游巴蜀地区经济、社会的进一步繁荣发展,开创了天府之国的新气象,同时也推动了巴蜀文明与华夏文明的深度融合,形成了一种新的区域文化体系——天府文化。

In 316 BC,Qin took the opportunity of the infighting between Ba and Shu to send troops and defeated the army led by the king of Shu with an overwhelming force.After destroying Shu,the Qin army swept to destroy Ba,thus incorporating the Ba-Shu region into the territory of Qin.The annexation of Ba-Shu by Qin had different significance from other wars of state destruction during the Warring States period,which had a significant impact on the development of Chinese history.The key was to lay an essential foundation for Qin to unify China and serve as a precursor to the destruction of the six states by Qin.During the Warring States period,establishing a great united multi-ethnic state was an inevitable choice in the logic of historical development.Firstly,the natural geography of the Chinese land was an important condition for promoting the establishment of a great united multi-ethnic state;secondly,the conception and formation of the idea of unity constituted the ideological basis for the establishment of a great united multi-ethnic state,and the development of politics,economy and culture also promoted the establishment of a unified state.The annexation of Ba-Shu by Qin followed the general trend of historical development,integrating Southwest area into a great unified state,and also promoted further economic and social prosperity in the Ba-Shu area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,creating a new atmosphere of land of abundance,and at the same time promoted the in-depth fusion of the civilizations of Ba-Shu and the Chinese civilization,resulting in the formation of a new regional cultural system-the Tianfu culture.