企业管理能力、制度环境与企业全球价值链地位

Firm Management Capability,Institutional Environment and Firms'Position in Global Value Chains

中国企业长期处于全球价值链中低端,在向全球价值链中高端攀升过程中面临诸多问题和挑战。本文基于2000—2013年中国工业企业数据库、中国海关数据库、UIBE-GVCs Indicators数据库,从企业异质性的视角探讨企业管理能力、制度环境及企业全球价值链地位之间的关系。研究发现:第一,企业管理能力显著促进了企业全球价值链地位的攀升,主要通过提高企业劳动生产率,降低企业融资约束及提升企业技术创新能力这三个渠道影响其全球价值链地位;第二,在异质性分析中,对于具有不同贸易方式、企业性质以及技术密集度的企业而言,企业管理能力对企业全球价值链地位攀升都具有显著的促进作用,其中对一般贸易企业、国有企业、低技术企业和高技术企业的促进作用更明显,且企业管理存在“管理滞后”效应;第三,制度环境强化了企业管理能力对企业全球价值链地位攀升的促进作用。本文从微观视角为如何在世界大变局的动荡环境中促进企业完善自身管理,进而促进其向全球价值链中高端攀升提供了政策启示。

Chinese firms have long been at the middle and low ends of global value chains and have faced many problems and challenges in the process of climbing to the middle and higher ends.From the perspective of firm heterogeneity and using China Industry Business Performance Database,China Customs Data,and UIBE GVC Database from 2000 to 2013,we explore the relationship among firm management capability,institutional environment,and firms'position in global value chains.The results show that,first,management capability significantly enables firms to upgrade their positions in global value chains and can influence a firm's position in global value chains through three channels:improving labor productivity,reducing financing constraints,and enhancing technological innovation capability.Second,in the heterogeneity analysis,firm management capability with different firm characteristics,such as mode of trade,nature of the enterprise and technology intensity,has a positive effect in promoting firms'position in global value chains,among which the promotional role of general trading firms,state-owned firms,low-tech firms and high-tech firms is more obvious,and there is a“management lagged"effect in firms.Third,the institutional environment has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between firm management capability and their position in global value chains.We provide policy insights from a micro perspective on how to encourage firms to improve their management in the turbulent environment of substantial global changes and,thereby,encouraging firms to upgrade to the higher end of their positions in global value chains.