纵轴流柔性弯齿式大豆脱粒装置的设计与试验

Design and experiment of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher

针对大豆脱粒装置在收获过程中易堵塞、籽粒损失率和破碎率高的问题,设计一种纵轴流柔性弯齿式大豆脱粒装置。本文阐述柔性脱粒元件及被动可转动式凹板筛的结构及工作原理,对脱粒弯齿进行受力分析,以EDEM和Recurdyn耦合仿真试验验证柔性脱粒元件在脱粒时与籽粒接触力的分析;通过响应面优化试验研究滚筒转速、脱粒间隙、喂入量对脱粒效果的影响,建立以籽粒夹带损失率和破碎率为响应值的多元二次回归模型。结果表明,滚筒转速为366.65 r·min^(-1)、凹板间隙组合为20.78 mm×15.78 mm、喂入量为1.286 kg·s^(-1)时脱粒装置脱粒性能最优,其平均夹带损失率为1.767%,破碎率为0.713%。通过田间试验验证满足实际作业需求。

In order to solve the problems of the soybean threshing device,which is easy to jam in the process of harvest,high grain loss rate and breakage rate,a longitudinal axial flow flexible bent tooth threshing device for soybean was designed.This paper expounded the structure and working principle of flexible threshing element and passive rotatable concave screen,conducted the stress analysis of threshing bent teeth,and then verified the contact force analysis between flexible threshing element and grains by the coupling simulation test of EDEM and Recurdyn.The effects of roller speed,threshing gap and feeding amount on threshing efficiency were investigated by response surface optimization experiments,and a multiple quadratic regression model with average grain entrained loss rate and breakage rate as response values was established.The results showed that when the roller speed was 366.65 r·min^(-1),the concave clearance combination was 20.78 mm×15.78 mm and the feeding amount was 1.286 kg·s^(-1),the threshing device had an optimal threshing performance,in which the grain entrainment loss rate was 1.767% and the damage rate was 0.713%.The field test was verified to meet the actual operation requirements.