西域都护府考古探索与反思——基于方法论的观察

Archaeological Explorations on Anxi Grand Protectorate and Reflections:Some Observations from the Perspective of Methodology

西域都护府的设立是新疆正式纳入中央政府统一管理的标志,也是中华民族共同体形成和发展过程中的一个里程碑。近百年来,学界对西域都护府治所遗址所在聚讼纷纭。本文从方法论角度梳理清代以来学术界的研究,概要介绍近年西域都护府考古工作的思路、方法、主要收获和取得的认识,并就相关问题提出意见。作者认为,西域地区城市文明有其特殊性和地域性特点,不仅在探寻西域都护府遗址时应充分考虑到这种特殊性、地域性,在探寻中华文明时也应当加以注意。只有确定科学的认定标准,才能真正解决西域都护府考古问题。

The establishment of Anxi Grand Protectorate signifies that Xinjiang was formally included in Chinese territory in the Han Dynasty,and serves as one of the milestones for the formation and development of a community for the Chinese nation.For the past 100 years,academia has debated the geological location of the Anxi Grand Protectorate relic site.This article sorted out related research dating back to the Qing dynasty through the perspective methodology.It briefly introduces the approaches,methods,major findings,and knowledges obtained from archaeological work to find the Anxi Grand Protectorate in recent years,and offers advice for relevant questions.The author argues that urban civilizations in the western regions have their unique and localized features;we should give full consideration to this uniqueness in our search for the relic site of Anxi Grand Protectorate and in our exploration of the Chinese civilization.Only by setting scientific criteria of identification,can we truly solve the issue of archaeology for Anxi Grand Protectorate.