初产妇母乳喂养态度影响因素及干预建议

Influencing factors of breastfeeding attitude of primiparas and the intervention suggestion

目的:分析影响初产妇母乳喂养态度的因素,并提出干预建议,为提升母乳喂养率提供依据。方法:采用横断面调查方法,选择2022年12月-2023年2月在医院产前检查的326名初产妇为研究对象,应用一般资料调查表、母乳喂养知识问卷、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)及中文版Iowa婴儿喂养态度量表(IIFAS)进行调查。采用logistic多因素回归分析确定初产妇母乳喂养态度的独立影响因素。结果:回收有效问卷的302名初产妇IIFAS评分59.06±8.39分,母乳喂养态度积极初产妇105名(34.8%),母乳喂养态度偏差197名(65.2%)。单因素分析显示,年龄、文化程度、妊娠发生、产前检查、家庭成员对纯母乳喂养态度、母乳喂养知识、抑郁症状均与初产妇母乳喂养态度有关(P<0.05);logistic多因素回归分析显示,产妇年龄低(OR=1.807,95%CI 1.217~2.683)、产前检查不规律(OR=1.877,95%CI 1.192~2.957)、家庭成员对纯母乳喂养支持态度低(OR=2.199,95%CI 1.385~3.492)、母乳喂养知识少(OR=3.054,95%CI 1.729~5.394)、有抑郁症状(OR=0.518,95%CI 0.329~0.815)均为初产妇母乳喂养积极态度的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:初产妇母乳喂养态度受多种因素影响,建议产科在产前检查过程中加强对上述影响因素的关注和干预,以改善和提高初产妇母乳喂养状况。

Objective:To analyze the factors influencing breastfeeding attitude of primiparas,and to propose the corresponding intervention strategies for providing the evidences of improving the breastfeeding rate.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 326primiparas who underwent antenatal examination in the hospital from December 2022to February 2023.The general information questionnaire,the breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire,the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),and the Chinese version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale(IIFAS)were used to investigate these primiparas.Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the independent influencing factors of the breastfeeding attitudes of these primiparas.Results:The average IIFAS score of 302 primiparas with valid questionnaires was 59.06±8.39points,including 105(34.8%)cases with a positive breastfeeding attitude and 197(65.2%)cases with a deviated attitude.Univariate analysis showed that the age,the education level,the pregnant situation,the antenatal examination status,the family support for exclusive breastfeeding,the breastfeeding knowledge,and the depressive symptoms of the primiparas were related to their breastfeeding attitudes(P<0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that the young primiparas(OR=1.807,95%CI=1.217-2.683),and the antenatal€?€?vexamination status(OR=1.877,95%CI=1.192-2.957),the family support for exclusive breastfeeding(OR=2.199,95%CI=1.385-3.492),the less breastfeeding knowledge(OR=3.054,95%CI=1.729-5.394),and the depressive symptoms(OR=0.518,95%CI=0.329-0.815)of the primiparas were the independent factors influencing their breastfeeding attitudes(P<0.05).Conclusion:The breastfeeding attitude of the primiparas is affected by many factors.It is suggested that the obstetric department should strengthen the attention and the intervention of these influencing factors during the process of prenatal examination,so as to improve the breastfeeding status of the primiparas.